OConnors The Lame Shall Enter First :: Lame Shall Enter First Essays

OConnors The Lame Sh tout ensemble Enter FirstThe Lame Shall Enter First concentrates on the birth between Sheppard and, on the one hand, his son Norton, and on the other a boy in a reformatory, Johnson. Sheppards wife is dead and Norton misses his mother. Sheppard cant understand Norton at all and chooses to spend all of his time helping Johnson, who tells him that Satan has him in his power (150). Sheppard of course does not believe in Satan and tries to rationalise the whole situation. He brings Johnson home and Johnson interferes with Nortons mothers belongings which, of course, greatly upsets Norton. Sheppards reaction to this is that Norton in reality needs to learn how to share things. Johnson reacts very badly to this and plays Sheppard off against his son. When Sheppard leaves the room after he has told Johnson that he thinks hes good for Norton because Norton needs to share things, Johnson says God kid . . . how do you stand it? . . He thinks hes Jesus Christ (161). As th e story proceeds Johnson tries to get Sheppard to see that evilness exists and that Satan actually runs the world as he sees it (164). The outcome of the story, as might be expected from the rest of OConnors stories, is that Sheppard is unable to use reason to form Johnson. Despite Sheppards attempts to help Johnson walk better (hence the title The Lame Shall Enter First) by giving him a wooden leg, Johnson sticks by his notion that what is really wrong with him is evil Sheppard said . . . I am going to save you.Johnson thrust his head forward. Save yourself, he hissed. Nobody can save me unless Jesus. (180)A little later Johnson says to Sheppard The Devil has you in his power (185). He then disappears.At the end of the story Johnson is caught by the police in further wrong-doing and Norton commits self-destruction by hanging himself from the window through which he has been trying to find his mother amongst the stars with a telescope. Towards the end Sheppard realises that he ha s confused good works with Christian faith. Works wont save you but great faith will Nortons face rose before him, empty, forlorn, his left eye listing almost imperceptibly toward the satellite rim as if it could not bear a full view of grief.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - The Miller’s Tale and the Life of Christ E

The Millers Tale and the Life of Christ When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, he created a great majority of the individual tales by borrowing and reworking significant from various sources. Most of these stories would have been very familiar to his medieval audience, and the changes he made in the standard version of these tales for his work would have been a anatomy of tacit communication that would have added an extra dimension to each of them. Howard says that ... the tales possess a relatedness of their own within a world of other texts. They can be understood only with reference to shared formulas of language or generic traits... (448). In the Millers tale Chaucer parodies the Knights Tale, which itself was adapted from a longer tale ... from Italy ... from Boccaccio (Howard 448), by corporate trust and satirizing highly irreverent references to the life of Jesus Christ with the story of Oedipus to make the tale as bawdy and comical as possible. The Millers tale introdu ces a carpenter, keister, his wife, Alison, and a student lodger, Nicholas. The identification of John as a carpenter immediately causes the audience to relate these characters to a nonher famous carpenter and his wife, namely, Joseph and Mary from the Bible. (quote) The character of John is similar to Joseph not only because of their shared profession, but also because of the shared situations with their wives before marriage. Chaucer mentions how it was a rather rash move for John to marry Alison, a woman much younger than he. He says He might have known, were Cato on his shelf,/A man should marry someone like himself (89). Just as Joseph was wary of marrying Mary because she was already pregnant such that he did not want to expose her to p... ...t flood, cuts loose the ropes holding his tub to the ceiling and falls to the ground, breakout his arm in the process. The ridicule that John receives from the neighbors who have been told by Alison and Nicholas that he is insane, serv es to create enough of a triumph as to symbolize Christs resurrection. The triumph would not have been nearly as dramatic if it had merely consisted of Nicholass recovery or Absalons defeat because it would not have fulfilled Nicholass main goal of killing his beget and marrying his mother. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. England Penguin Books, 1977.Howard, Donald R. Chaucer His Life, His Works, His World. New York E. P. Dutton, 1987.New International Version. Holy Bible. Michigan Zondervan Bible Publishers, 1988.Wilson, A. N. Jesus A Life. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 1992.

Truman Football Team :: essays research papers

Leaders Teach Youth on the Football Field     The Truman nominate football game aggroup, containing a solid group of leaders, including 12 senior starters, and young talent, a freshman quarterback and two other underclassmen starters, relied on senior leadership.      To begin the season, 12 of the Bulldogs starting 17 players were seniors. However, this aggroup was comprised of 97 members, so there was a definite influence of youth. Therefore, Coach Ware depended on the leadership of his seniors to impact his team     "I believe in senior leadership," stated Coach Ware. "I have to rely on it. It is needed both on and off the theme in order to improve the football team."      These seniors had experienced both the trials and victories of previous football seasons. Therefore, Coach Ware, along with the rest of his staff and team relied on these players to measuring rod up and take th e leadership positions. His seniors proved their leadership both on and off the field through their words, efforts, and examples.      One of the most vital mentoring tasks for the season whitethorn have been the sophomore quarterback, Eric Howe. Howe only started one game during the 1998 season so, beginning the 1999 season, he was fairly inexperienced as a starter on the college level. regular though he was inexperienced, Coach Ware was pleased with the improvements Howe had made. "He had to learn a new offense, and the offense takes a while to learn," admitted Coach Ware. "Early in the season he struggled some with the offense, but I could see his potential as a quarterback."     Another factor that faced the Truman State football team was their tough non-conference schedule. Coach Ware believes in playing solid competition outside the conference in order to improve his football team. So, Truman headed to Illinois to play I llinois State. Illinois State (ISU) is a Division I-AA school and was ranked among the top three in the nation in football. The task of playing ISU was a tough one, but it hopefully made the Bulldogs stronger for their conference season.

The Effective Use of Imagery in Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea Ess

The Effective Use of Imagery in Hemingways The former(a) mankind and the ocean Ernest Hemingways The Old Man and the Sea has engendered some lively debate in literary circles. Critics have concentrated on everything in the novella from the accuracy of Rigels early evening appearance over Cuban skies in September (Weeks 192) to William Faulkners judgment that Hemingway discovered God while writing The Old Man and the Sea (Bradford 158-62). Yet the most insightful commentary has gravitated invariably toward biblical, natural, and classical imagery in the novel. These images turn an otherwise simple slanting tale into a noble-minded narrative of human endurance. A reading that examines these images will serve to clarify the hidden significance in Hemingways novel. Biblical imagery literally abounds in The Old Man and the Sea. The name Santiago itself is a biblical allusion. Donald Heiney informs us that Santiago is simply the Spanish form of Saint pile, and James like Pete r was a fisherman-apostle in the New Testament. Santiago de Compostela is the patron saint of Spain and is also greatly revered by Cuban Catholics (86). Sam Baskett enhances this image by indicating that Saint James was martyred with the sword by Herod (278). In the novel, we see Santiago entrenched in battle with a swordfish, and, if we are to believe Baskett, he eventually dies after the struggle (269). In a sense, Santiago, like James, is martyred with the sword. Santiagos battle with the fish produces myriad biblical images, and while the most obvious are Santiago-as-Christ, others exist as well. Arvin Wells, for example, provides a Santiago-as-Cain analogy Repeatedly, Santiago addresses the fish as brother. . . Yet, at the same ti... ...y, Donald W. Barrons Simplified Approach to Ernest Hemingway. Woodbury Barrons Educational Series, 1965. Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York MacMillan, 1952. Jobes, Katharine, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations o f The Old Man and the Sea. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall, 1968. Moseley, Edwin M. Pseudonyms of Christ in the Modern Novel Motifs and Methods. Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962. Rosenfield, Claire. New world, Old Myths. Jobes 41-55. Sylvester, Bickford. Hemingways Extended Vision The Old Man and the Sea. Jobes 81-96. Weeks, Robert P. Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea. College English 24 (1962) 188-92. Wells, Arvin R. A ritual of Transfiguration The Old Man and the Sea. Jobes 56-63. Young, Philip. The Old Man and the Sea Vision/Revision. Jobes 18-26.

Tree Imagery in Hurston’s Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Sera

Tree Imagery in Hurstons Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the SuwaneeHurston uses the fruit guide as an main(prenominal) image in both of the texts the blossoming pear tree for Janie and the budding mulberry tree for Arvay. Each holds a unique meaning for its counterpart. In aspect at Janies interaction with her tree, I chose to focus on the passage on page 11, beginning with She was stretched on her back beneath the pear tree. For Arvay, I chose the passage on page 37, beginning with They entered the place under the tree.The two tree passages have many similarities and contrarietys. The most obvious difference is that Hurston first introduces us to the pear tree with Janie alone, whereas we have our first experience of the mulberry tree with both Arvay and Jim. This in itself is symbolic of important aspects of both of the characters. For Janie, it points to her independence and strength. For Arvay, it seems to show her dependence and frailty. Another differen ce lies in the position and shape of the tree itself. In Their Eyes, the gold of the sun, t...

Tree Imagery in Hurston’s Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Sera

Tree Imagery in Hurstons Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the SuwaneeHurston uses the fruit channelize as an strategic image in both of the texts the blossoming pear tree for Janie and the budding mulberry tree for Arvay. Each holds a unique heart for its counterpart. In looking at Janies interaction with her tree, I chose to focus on the passage on page 11, beginning with She was stretched on her back to a lower place the pear tree. For Arvay, I chose the passage on page 37, beginning with They entered the place under the tree.The two tree passages have many similarities and differences. The most obvious difference is that Hurston first introduces us to the pear tree with Janie alone, whereas we have our first experience of the mulberry tree with both Arvay and Jim. This in itself is symbolic of important aspects of both of the characters. For Janie, it points to her independence and strength. For Arvay, it seems to show her dependence and frailty. Another diff erence lies in the position and shape of the tree itself. In Their Eyes, the gold of the sun, t...

Casebook method Essay

Sustainable Housing Featured typesetters case Writers and fictitious characters Foreword MurraySilvermanandTomThomas(SanFranciscoStateUniversity)-Kimpton Hotels equilibrize Strategy and environmental Sustainability TerenceTsaiandShuboLiu(ChinaEuropeInternationalBusinessSchool) -Hunghom Peninsula in Hong Kong A Realistic Call for Corporate Social Responsibilities CharlesCorbett(UCLAAndersonSchoolofManagement)-The ReUse People round Scrap into Sales Winnersofthe2012oikosCaseWritingCompetition Forthcomingcaseteachingeventsandothernews Howtosubscribe.1 BedZEDbytelex4. CreativeCommonsLicense. Attribution2. 5Generic(CCBY2. 5). Foreword Dear reader, ThetopicofourSpring2012issue isSustainableHousing. Ourhomes, officesandotherbuildingscause awholerangeofenvironmental impacts,includingcarbondioxide emissions,relatedtotheuseof energyfortheheating,lighting andrunningofthesebuildings productionofconstruction materialsanddeconstructionof buildingsattheendoftheirlife. Inaddition,homeless nessand urbanslumsaresomeofthesocial problemsrelatedtothetopicofsustainablehousing. Inthisissuewepresentthree casesfromtheoikosonlinecase collection.TheKimptonHotels case(byMurraySilvermanandTom Thomas)describestherolloutof amajorenvironmentalinitiative (EarthCareprogramme)atthe chainofboutiquehotels. Terence TsaiandShuboLiuwriteabouttheir caseHunghomPeninsulainHong Kongandthecontroversyinvolved intheproposeddemolitionofthe never-occupiedresidentialbuilding complexofHunghomPeninsula.OurthirdcaseTheReUsePeople (byCharlesCorbett)alsofocuses onthebuildingdeconstruction processandgivesanaccountof anorganisationthatspecialises indeconstructionwiththeaimof reusingasmuchofthematerialsas possible,hencekeepingthemoutof landfill. Youwillfindseveralothercases onsustainablehousingintheoikos onlinecasecollection. Youmay beinterestedtochecktheLiving Homescase(byRebeccaHennand AndrewJ. Hoffman)whichdescribes astart-upcompanyoffering squirt,prefabricatedhomes.The HaywardLumberCompanycase tracesthe greeningofHayward LumberCompany,whichdecidedto switchtoForestStewardshipCouncil (FSC)certifiedlumbertomeeta growingdemandforgreenbuilding materialsinCalifornia. Another California-centredcaseisThe AmbroseHotelbyMagaliDelmasand CharlesCorbettthatdescribesecolabellingstrategiesofaCaliforniabasedhotel. Adifferentangletothe sustainablehousingproblemistaken byLisaJonesChristenseninthe caseJamiiBoraandKaputeiTown thiscaseoutlinesanentrepreneurial solutiontotheproblemofurban slumsinNairobi(Kenya)andthe processofcreatinganinnovative newtown.Finally,thecaseThe Mountains contributesEarthBrick MachinebyJohnBuffingtonandTed Londonexposesthechallengesof growinganon-profitorganisation TheMountainInstitute(TMI)that producesenvironmentally-friendly bricksfromdirt,allowingforlow costconstructionofhousingand otherstructures. Fromtheecchcasecollection, otherinterestingcasesdealingwith environmentalandsocialaspects ofhousingareZETACommunities (StanfordBusinessSchool)a net-zeroenergy,prefabricated housi ngcompanyProjectFrog (DardenBusinessPublishing)asustainable-buildingmanufacturer transitioningfromstart-uptothe nextphaseofgrowthAlarcity Housing(IBSCenterforManagement Research)ethicalpoliciesand practicesofacorporationinthe IndianhousingconstructionindustryTheOrchidEcotel(IveyPublishing) anenvironmentally-friendly hotelinIndiaand,finally,Dharavi (HarvardBusinessPublishing)redevelopmentofthelargestslumin Asia. Wehopethatyouwillenjoy readingtheSpring2012issueand discoveringorganisationsthatdeal witharangeofenvironmentaland socialproblemsrelatedtohousing.Asusually,wewouldbevery happytoreceiveyourfeedback, includingsuggestionsfornewissues, sodosendusanemailtocase oikosinternational. org. LiudmilaNazarkina oikosCaseQuarterlyEditor NextissueofoikosCaseQuarterly (Summer2012)willbefocused onthetopicofCross-Sector Partnershipsandwewillfeature thefollowingcases BuildingandScalingaCrossSectorPartnershipOxfam America&SwissReEmpower FarmersinEthiopiaby JonathanDoh,TedLondon andVasiliaKilibard a CorporateSocial EngagementHowAramex CrossesBoundariesbyLuk VanWassenhoveandLea Stadtler Transformingtheglobal FishingIndustryTheMarine StewardshipCouncilatfull sail?byAileenIonescuSomers,UlrichSteger, AlexanderNickandOliver Salzmann 2 2 Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/ academician KimptonHotelsBalancingStrategyand EnvironmentalSustainability by Murray Silverman and Tom Thomas The Case Story topmanagementcommitment,use ofcross-functionalteams,employee engagementandcommunication methodsused. Thereweretwo basicgroundrulesfortherollout. First,newinitiativeshadtoreduce costs,havenonetcostimpactand investmentshadtohaveamaximum 12monthpayback. Second,new initiativescouldntadversely affectcustomerperceptionsor satisfaction.Students often get so wrapped up in the initiatives that they believe an organization can introduce, they lose track of the difficulties associated with implementing initiatives How do you engage employees and managers? How do you embed new values and ini tiatives in the organizational culture? webelievethattheimportance ofembeddingsustainabilityinto organizationsisnotgivenenough attention. Kimptondoesan excellentjobofinstitutionalizing sustainability,providingstudents withanopportunitytoseehowthey didit.Wehavesuccessfullyintroducedthis caseinenvironmentalmanagement, business&societyandstrategic managementcourses. Topicsthat canbeusedtoinitiateorfocus discussionforeachofthethree coursesarelistedbelow Strategy coursecreating sustainablecompetitiveadvantage, branddifferentiation,cost savingsandtoplinebenefits,first moveradvantages,cause-related marketing,aligningstrategyand structurewithcorevalues,andthe integrationofstrategicmanagement andenvironmentalvalues.Business & Society course corporatecitizenshipandsocial responsibility,stakeholderrelations, socialcapital,strategicphilanthropy andtheintegrationofstrategic managementandenvironmental values. forshareholdersandsocietyby leadingtheirorganizationstoward greatersocialandenvironment al sustainability. Hereceivedhis MasterofPublicPolicy(MPP)degree fromtheUniversityofMichigan, AnnArbor,andanMBAandPh. D. inBusinessandPublicPolicyatthe UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley. Dr. Silverman,Dr. Thomasandthree colleaguescreatedSFSUsMBA EmphasisinSustainableBusinessin 2007.TheSFSUCollegeofBusiness wasrecognizedrecentlybythe AspenInstitutesBeyondGrey Pinstripesasoneofthetopbusiness schoolsintheworld(16)at integratingsocialandenvironmental issuesintoitscurriculum. Kimptonsfounder,BillKimpton, iscreditedwithinventingthe boutiquehotelsegmentin1981. By2005,KimptonHotelswas comprisedof39hotelsthroughout NorthAmericaandCanada,each onedesignedtocreateauniqueand exceptionalguestexperience. Animportantaspectoftheir effortstoestablishtheKimpton brandwasthedevelopmentand rollouttoalloftheirhotelsof amajorenvironmentalinitiative theynamedEarthCare.EarthCare wasbuiltonanalreadyestablished commitmenttoenvironmentaland socialresponsibility. TheirHotel Tritonwasamodelfortheprogram, asitalread yincludedinitiatives suchasenergyefficientlighting solutions,low-flow/highpressure showerheadsandsinkaerators,and toiletsthatreducewateruse,linen andtowelreuseprogram,non-toxic, non-allergenic,allnaturalcleaning products,lowVOCpaintsusedto paintwallsandceilingsandmore. Plannedfutureinitiativeswentwell beyondthoseintheTritonHotel. Thecasedetailstheinternal implementationprocess,including Teaching the Case.TomThomasandIwantedtowritea casethatshowedthatsustainability couldbeintegraltotheoverall strategyofthebusiness. We wantedbothstrategyandbusiness sustainabilityinstructorstoembrace it. Thiscasedemonstrateshow sustainabilitycanleadtobothtop lineandbottomlinebenefits. Also, MurraySilvermanisa professor ofManagementintheCollegeof BusinessatSanFranciscoState University. HereceivedhisM. S. inIndustrialAdministrationfrom PurdueUniversitysKrannert SchoolandhisPh. D. inBusiness fromStanfordUniversity. Professor Silvermanteachesintheareasof Business&SocietyandBusiness& theNaturalEnvironment. TomE.ThomasisanAssociate ProfessoratSanFranciscoState University,whereheco-directs (withMurraySilverman)theCenter forEthicalandSustainableBusiness. Histeachingandresearchare focusedonhelpingfutureexecutives andmanagerscreategreatervalue Murray Silverman 3 Tom Thomas Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic Environmental course environmentalimpactsinthe hotelindustry,potentialfor financialbenefitsofenvironmental initiatives,industryenvironmental leadership,voluntaryinitiativesand self-regulation,institutionalization ofenvironmentalcommitment, green-washing,andtheintegration ofstrategicmanagementand environmentalvalues.Inteachingthecase,wetypically focusfirstonwhetherthereisa businesscaseforEarthCare. This allowsustointroducetop-lineand bottomlineconsiderationsaswell astangibleandintangiblebenefits. Thesecondareaoffocusis institutionalization. Studentsoften getsowrappedupintheinitiatives thattheybelieveanorganization canintroduce,theylosetrackof thedifficultiesassociatedw ith implementinginitiativesHow doyouengageemployeesand managers? Howdoyouembed newvaluesandinitiativesinthe organizationalculture? Thiscase iswellsuitedtoexploreboththe businesscaseandtheissueof institutionalization.Webelievethereisadearthof casesthatallowstudentstoexplore theprocessofinstitutionalizing andembeddingsustainabilityinto organizations. WeofferanMBA courseinManagingtheSustainable Businessthatfocusesonthe internalaspectsofintroducingand embeddinginitiatives. Wewant ourstudentstobeintrapreneurs, changeagentswhocanact fromwithintheirorganizations, whethertheyareinmarketing,HR, operations,etc. Twocasesthatwe havefoundtobeexcellentinregard totheinternalissuesandprocesses associatedwithintroducingchange areHermesMicrotechandWalMartsSustainabilityStrategy(A).Favorite Cases challengesdidtheyfaceandhow didtheydealwiththosechallenges? HereatSanFranciscoState University,weestablishedour CenterforEthicalandSustainable Businessin2010. unityofour initiativesisaCasewritersForum. Thein itiativewouldincludea varietyofeffortstopromote andsupportthedevelopmentof businesssustainabilitycasestudies byfosteringcollaborationamong leadingsustainabilitycasewriters whoteachatbusinessschoolsin theSanFranciscoBayArea,and providingincentivesandmentoring supporttohelpfacultydevelopand applycasewritingskillsinthearea ofbusinesssustainability.New Case Development Case grease ones palms Information Wewouldliketoseemorecases thatfocusontheintroductionof sustainabilityinitiativesinlarger businesses. Whileitisofteneasier togetpermissiontowritecasesin start-upsandsmallenvironmentally orientedbusinesses,weneedmore casesrelatingtolargercorporations, asmanyofourstudentswillbe workingthere. Iwouldespecially liketoseethefocusontheinternal process. Whowasthedriver? What Inspectioncopyofthecase KimptonHotelsBalancing StrategyandEnvironmental Sustainabilityisavailablefrom theoikosCaseCollection.Please contactMurraySilvermanand TomThomasforpermissionrights. Thiscaseisalsopartoftheoikos CaseCol lectionbook(Volume 1)CaseStudiesinSustainability ManagementandStrategy publishedbyGreenleaf. 4 4 Swallowtailbytanakawho. CreativeCommonsLicense. Attribution2. 5Generic(CCBY2. 5). Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic HunghomPeninsulainHongKongARealistic CallforCorporateSocialResponsibilities by Terence Tsai and Shubo Liu The Case Story Hunghomwaslatersoldtothe privatepropertydeveloperswho originallybuiltthecomplex.The developers,NewWorldDevelopment CompanyLimited(NWD)andSun HungKaiPropertiesLimited(SHKP) cameupwithareconstruction proposalforHunghomPeninsula demolishandredevelopthearea intoaluxuriousprivateestate. However,theintentiontodemolish thenever-occupiedHunghom Peninsulacameunderheavy criticismfromthepublicinlarge partbecausethedemolition processwouldproduceextensive pollutiontotheenvironment,which violatedbothsocialpartiesand thecompaniescorporatemission ofbeingresponsibletothesociety. Underthesecircumstances,the managementteamhadtowithdraw thedemolitionplana ndreconsider theirdecision.Afterthedevelopers thoughttwiceaboutalltherelevant partiesinterestsandtookcorporate socialresponsibilityintoaccount, theygaveupthedemolitionplan anddecidedtoconductanextensive internalreconfigurationand renovationtoupgradetheproperty tomedium-gradeprivatehousing estatestandard. The case served as a good example to students and the future managers and gave sharpness on how business profitability could be balanced with environmental concern and social responsibility. information. Thiscasehadbeenusedinboth MBAandEMBAcoursesinBusiness Ethics,thelastmoduleofBusiness Strategicclass.Duringtheclass, thecaseprovokedholisticthinking ofstrategicmanagementaswellas discussionofbusinessenvironment analysisandstakeholderanalysis. Themajorlearninganddiscussions fellonStakeholderAnalysisbythe case. The(A)and(B)casesvividly presentastakeholderdilemma tocasereadersandpermitteda detailedstakeholderanalysisto predicttheresponsesofdifferent stakeholdersoftherealestate project ,studentsperformboth quantitativeandqualitative analyses. Theclassparticipantsfoundthe caseusefulbecausethecase pointedouttostudentsthe importanceofissuesassociated withbusinessethicsandreviewed theroleofcorporatesocial responsibilityinbusinessstrategy.Inaddition,thecaseservedasa goodexampletostudentsandthe futuremanagersandgaveinsight onhowbusinessprofitabilitycould bebalancedwithenvironmental concernandsocialresponsibility. Itgavestudentsagoodchanceto analyzestakeholdersneedsand businessenvironmentandreminded studentsthatbesidesprofit, companiesalsoneededtotake socialresponsibilityandbusiness ethicsintoaccountwhentheymake decisions. Theteachingflowcanbeseenfrom thefollowingquestions 1. Whatfactorsshouldthe developersconsiderinmaking thedecision? Whoarethe involvedstakeholders? (Acase) 2.Whichproposalshouldthe developerschoose? Why? (A case) 3. WhatroleshouldtheHong KongGovernmentplayinthis incident? (Bcase) Theresidentialbuildingcomplex ofHunghomPeninsulawasbuilt undertheHongKongg overnments PrivateSectorParticipationScheme (PSPS)programthatwasintended toprovidehousingformiddleclass residentsatadiscountedprice. Duetoaneconomicdownturnand ashrinkingrealestatemarket threateningpropertyvalues, Terence Tsai Shubo Liu TerenceTsaiisanassociate professorinManagementandthe DirectorofCaseDevelopment CentreofChinaEurope InternationalBusinessSchool.Hisresearchinterestsinclude ManagementofMultinational /TransnationalCorporations (MNCs),Globalizationof ChineseEnterprises,Strategic EnvironmentManagementand Cross-CulturalManagement. ShuboLiuisadoctoralstudent attheEdinburghUniversity BusinessSchoolandResearch AssistantattheChinaEurope InternationalBusinessSchool. HisPhDtopicisGreenInnovation andheisworkingwithTerence ondevelopinganumberofcases ofsustainabilityinnovationin MNCsinChina. Teaching the Case Wedevelopedthecasebased onaMBAin-classdiscussionina selectivecourseofSustainability DevelopmentandStrategyat CEIBS.Oneoftheclassparticipants wasfromHongKongandhetold thestory ofHunghomPeninsula project. Boththeinstructorand otherparticipantsfoundthisstory interestingandthuswedecided todevelopthestoryintoagood teachingcasewithadditional 5 Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic 4. Whatwastheunderlyingcause ofthiscontroversialincident? (Bcase) 5. Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere thedecisionmaker? What bettermeasureswouldyou takeifyouwereinasimilar scenarioorinthefuture? (C case) 6. Thedeveloperschangedtheir mindin2weekstime. What areyouropinionsoftheirnew decision? Pleasecommenton theseactions. (Ccase) 7.Whatistheissuesimpact onHongKongsbusiness environment? (Ccase) Favorite Cases WelikeusingtheSinyiReal EstateinTaiwancase(Ivey Publishing,9B08M77). Thiscase portraystheimportanceof corporatecultureandbusiness ethics. Italsogivesanexample thatafirmcanusebusinessethics asitsdifferentiationstrategy. ThecaseillustratesSinyiReal EstatesinnovativeHRandservice practices. becomingmainstreamforthey notonlyhelpfirmsuseresources moreeffectivelybutalsopavethe wayf orsustainabledevelopment. Successfulcasesinthisfieldare worthmorestudiesandsharing withothers. Case Purchase Information New Case Development.Wehavedoneseveralroundsof interviewswithGeneralElectric andPhilipsinChinatoinvestigate bothfirmsgreeninnovation processes. Currentlyandinthe future,eco-innovationsare Inspectioncopyofthecase HunghomPeninsulainHongKong ARealisticCallforCorporate SocialResponsibilitiesisavailable fromtheoikosCaseCollection. Thiscaseisavailableforpurchase fromecchPartA(710-046-1), PartB(710-047-1)andPartC (710-048-1). 6 1 MECsgreenroofamongothersby416style. CreativeCommonsLicense. Attribution2. 5Generic(CCBY2. 5). Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic The ReUse PeopleTurning Scrap into Salesby Charles Corbett The Case Story operations,butoftendonot havethefinancialslacktodoso. Second,thecasepresentsagood vehiclefordiscussingthetradeoffsbetweenvariousapproaches togrowth,oneofwhichisorganic, theotheravariationonfranchising. Thecasealsoshowshowgood m anagementsystems(inthiscase, fordeconstructionprocess,storage, logistics,etc. )canhelpavoidlarge amountsofwasteunnecessarily goingtolandfill. Manyofthe deconstructedmaterialscould besalvagedandsoldlocally,or inMexico,ordonatedtocharity (Habitat).TheReUsePeoplefilla needbyconnectingasupplyand ademandthatalreadyexistbutindifferentplacesonecanthink ofTRPasapipelinebetweenthat supplyanddemand. When I use the case at UCLA, Ted Reiff is usually able to join the class discussion, which naturally adds elevate insight to the discussions. Faculty teaching this case elsewhere in the US could consider inviting one of the regional managers to join the class discussion, to get deeper insight into how TRP is run. Thecasewaswrittentobeused inacourseonenvironmental managementor(social) entrepreneurship,primarilyto CharlesCorbett,Ph. D. ,isprofessor ofOperationsManagementand EnvironmentalManagementat theUCLAAndersonSchoolof Management.Hisresearchand teachingfocusonoperationsof entrepreneursandsmallb usiness, andonsustainabilityandoperations. Hisresearchhasbeenpublishedin theleadingjournalsinthefield, andhehasbeeninvitedtopresent over100seminarsandlectures atinstitutionsandconferences worldwide,includingoveradozen keynotesandtutorials. Hehas receivednumerousteachingawards demonstrateafewkeypoints. One istoshowhowsalvagingleftover materials(inthiscasebuilding materials)canbeturnedintoa viablebusinessmodel. Anotheris todiscussthechallengesfacedby anysmallorganizationthatplans togrowbutthatfacesfinancial constraintsindoingso.Forinstance, itiseasytoassumethatyouhave morecontroloverdeconstruction operationsifyouhireyourown crews,butthatassumesthatyou haveawell-runorganizationin whichmanagementinCalifornia canexerteffectivecontrolover crewsinChicago. Similarly,itseems plausiblethatyoucanexpand fasterbycertifyingothers,butthat assumesthatyoucanfindsuitable demolitioncontractorsinother partsofthecountryandcantrain andcertifythemfasterthanifyou weretoattempttohireyourown crewsinthosesame locations. Purelybasedonfinancials,growing withTRPcrewslooksfarbetter, asTRPearnsmoremoneyon deconstructionwiththeirown crews.Giventhatthereisenough timetoexpandslowly,thenarrow financialpicturewouldfavor growingorganicallywithin-house crews,notjumpingintotoomany locationsatoncebutopeninga warehousewithatleast2-3crews inonelocationandmakingit successfulbeforemovingtothe atUCLA. Heiscurrentlyservingas DeputyDeanforAcademicAffairs (2009-12),andwaspreviously anAssociateDeanfortheMBA program. ProfessorCorbettholdsa Ph. D. inProductionandOperations ManagementfromINSEADin Fountainbleau,France,andaDrs. in OperationsResearchfromErasmus UniversityRotterdam(Netherlands).TheReUsePeople(TRP)case discussesanorganizationthat specializesindeconstructionof buildings,withtheaimofreusingas muchofthematerialsaspossible, hencekeepingthemoutoflandfill. Theorganizationisfacingaclassical growth-relateddilemmashould itgroworganically,keepingmost oftheworkin-housebuthence limitingitsgrowthrate,orshould itfr anchiseitsdeconstruction approachbycertifyingother companiesinthedeconstruction process? ThemissionofTheReUse Peopleissquarelyenvironmental, buttheorganizationisincreasingly aimingtoprovidesocialbenefits toobyreachingouttocommunity organizationsandproviding employmentopportunities.Atthe timeofthecasewritingTRPwas growingbycertifyingcontractors, partlyopportunistically,andthey havesincedecidedtokeepdoing that. Sincethecasewaswritten, TRPsnationalexpansionhas continued. Teaching the Case Thecasecanbeusedtohighlight severalpedagogicalpoints. First, thecasehighlightsachallenge commontomanysuccessfulnonprofitorganizationsoncethey growbeyondwhattheoriginal entrepreneurcancontrol,they needtobringinstafftomanage 7 Charles Corbett Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic nextlocation. However,consider TRPsmissionkeepingmaterial outoflandfill.Tofulfillthat mission,TRPshouldgrowasfastas possible,consideringthefinancial considerationsasaconstraintrather thantheobjective. Thatargues stronglyforgrowingbycertifying contractors. Studentsusuallyenjoydiscussing thesetrade-offs,asthisdiscussion forcesthemtogettotheheartof theconflictbetweenTRPsmission andtheconstraintsitfaces. For variousreasons,TRPhasended upfocusingmoreonexpandingby workingwithpartnersandcertifying crewselsewhere,ratherthantrying tohireandmanagetheirowncrews alloverthecountry. Thereisaverygood30-minute videothatfeaturesTheReUse PeopleandthatIoftenshowin myclass.Itisoneoftheepisodes intheCaliforniasGoldseriesby HuellHowser(CaliforniasGreen 123-HOMEDECONSTRUCTION). Partofthevideoisalsoavailableon YouTube,andcanbeaccessedfrom TRPswebsiteunderMediaCenter, Audio&VideoClips. WhenIusethe caseatUCLA,TedReiffisusually abletojointheclassdiscussion, whichnaturallyaddsfurtherinsight tothediscussions. Facultyteaching thiscaseelsewhereintheUS couldconsiderinvitingoneofthe regionalmanagerstojointheclass discussion,togetdeeperinsightinto howTRPisrun. featuringamedicaldoctorwho startsaclinicandsubsequentlya collec tionofcommunityprogramsin atownshipinSouthAfrica).Thelast caseispartoftheoikosonlineCase Collection. New Case Development Forenvironmentalmanagementand socialentrepreneurship,Iwould liketoseemorecaseswithtangible takeaways,intheformsofspecific tools,checklists,etc. Inparticular, morecasesusinglife-cycle assessmenttoinformmanagerial decision-makingwouldbevaluable. Forsocialentrepreneurship,it wouldbehelpfultohavemorecases thatgetintothedetailsofthehow tonotjustfocusingonamajor decisionthattheentrepreneuris facing,butalsogettingintomore specificsonhowtheentrepreneur shouldexecutewhicheverstrategy s/hechooses.Favorite CasesOtherfavoritecasesinclude FreeportIndonesia(RichardVietor, HBS,onsustainability,enablesgreat discussionsamongstudents),and NdlovuTheClockTicks(Charles Corbett&SarangDeo,UCLA/ Kellogg,onsocialentrepreneurship, Case Purchase Information InspectioncopyofthecaseTheReUsePeopleTurningScrapintoSalesisavailablefromtheoikosCase Collection. PleasecontactCharlesCorbettforpermis sionrights. Thiscaseisalsopartofthenewoikos CaseCollectionbook(Volume2)CaseStudiesinSocialEntrepreneurshipandSustainabilitypublishedby Greenleaf. 8 8 Deconstruction1byDiamondMoutain. CreativeCommonsLicense. Attribution2. 5Generic(CCBY2. 5).Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic News Case Writing Competitions oikos Case Writing Competition 2012 Weareverypleasedtoannounce thewinnersofthe2012oikos CaseWritingCompetition Youcan downloadinspectioncopiesofthe winningcasesfromouronline casecollection. Corporate Sustainability track FirstPlace Mind the Gap royal stag Dutch Shells Sustainability Aagenda in Nigeria EstherHennchen(ESADEBusiness School),JosepMariaLozano(ESADE BusinessSchool) SecondPlace Building and Scaling a Cross-Sector PartnershipOxfam America and Swiss Res Empower Farmers in Ethiopia JonathanDoh(VillanovaUniversity),TedLondon(WilliamDavidson Institute/RossSchoolofBusiness, UniversityofMichigan)andVasilia (Lea)Kilibarda(WilliamDavidson Institute,UniversityofMi chigan) ThirdPlace Of Orangutans and Chainsaws Cargill, Inc. Confronts The Rainforest Action Networks Palm Oil Advocacy RamSubramanian(MontclairState University) Runners-Up Walmart Love, Earth N. CraigSmith(INSEAD)andRobert J. Crawford(IndependentWriter) Sustainable Development at PepsiCo DebapratimPurkayastha(IBS Hyderabad)andAdapaSrinivasaRao (IBSHyderabad).Social Entrepreneurship track FirstPlace TerraCycle JanLepoutre(VlerickLeuvenGent ManagementSchool),StuartRead (IMD)andPhilippeMargery(IMD) SecondPlace World derriere Organization Leveraging Resources for Social Impact ImranChowdhury(ESSECBusiness SchoolandPaceUniversity)and ThierrySibieude(ESSEC BusinessSchool) ThirdPlace Crediamigo Partnering with VivaCred? EmmanuelRaufflet(HECMontreal) andFredericLavoie(CECI) Runners-Up Bio-Vert Green to What Limit? CatherineBedard(Concordia University),GenevieveGrainger (ConcordiaUniversity)andRaymond Paquin(ConcordiaUniversity) Nuru Energy FilipeSantos(INSEAD)andAnneMarieCarrick-Cagna(INS EAD).Free cases /Teaching materials oikosFreeCaseCollectionnow comprisesthreecasesBetter PlacebyDrorEtzionandJeroen Struben(McGillUniversity,Canada) LululemonbyAndreaErinBass (UniversityofNebraska-Omaha, USA)andPortlandRoasting CompanybyMadeleinePullman, GregStokes,PriceGregory,Mark LangstonandBrandonArends (PortlandStateUniversity,USA). BetterPlacecasewasfeaturedin Issue3(SustainableMobility)of oikosCaseQuarterlyLululemonand PortlandRoastingCompanywere featuredinIssue5(Sustainable Lifestyles)ofoikosCaseQuarterly.Ifyouareafacultymemberand youareinterestedinteaching thesecases,youcanrequestafree teachingnotebysendingusanemail tofreecaseoikosinternational. org. CasePlace Search of the Week SearchoftheWeekhelps CasePlaceviewersquicklylocate teachingmaterialsthatrelateto currentevents. Themostrecent newsearchersareGreenBuilding andConsumerism.CasePlaceuserscanviewand downloadteachingcases,research notes,workingpapers, policyreports,essays,interviews andsyllabirelatedtothesetopics. ecch Case Awards 2012 Thisyearanunprecedented13 schoolsfrom7countriesin4 geographicalregionshaveproduced winnersinthe2012ecchcase awardsandcompetitions.The OutstandingContributiontothe casemethodawardwaswonby JamesAErskine,MichielRLeenders andLouiseAMauffette-Leendersof theRichardIveySchoolofBusiness. Visitwww. ecch. com/awards2012for moreinformationandtoviewthe winningcases. 10 9 Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic Winter2012Issue5www. oikosinternational. org/academic Case Teaching deceaseshops ecch workshop Teaching with Cases 27-29 June 2012 AESE,Portugal Thisannualworkshopisrunin associationwiththeRichardIvey SchoolofBusiness.Itdispelsthe mystiqueofteachingwithcases whilehelpingteachersavoid someoftheelementarypitfalls. Theframeworkoftheworkshop isbasedontheuniqueconcepts developedbythetutors. This 3-dayworkshopwillbeofbenefit toawideaudience,including experiencedandinexperienced teachersinterestedinparticipatory learningandcaseusejuniorand seniorfacultyfromanysect oror discipline. Fees? 695/825non-residential. Feesincludecoursematerialsand lunches. ecchmemberorganisations receive10%discount. Aminimumof onesubsidisedplaceforparticipants indevelopingcountriesisavailable onthisevent.Moreinformationon theecchwebsite. speakabouttheirbusinessandtake questionsfromparticipants. With thesupportoftheeventspeakers, participantswillworkinteams throughaseriesofexercisesto completeacasedraftbasedonthe guestentrepreneursexperiences. Thecaseswillbelookedatbythe speakersandtheentrepreneuranda winningcasewillbeannounced. Fees? 335/400non-residential. Feesincludecoursematerialsand lunch. ecchmemberorganisations receive10%discount. Aminimumof onesubsidisedplaceforparticipants indevelopingcountriesisavailable onthisevent. Moreinformationon theecchwebsite.ecch workshop Aligning Your Teaching and Research The Potential of Case Studies 26 October 2012 Europe(venuetobeconfirmed) Atatimewhenuniversities areencouragingacademicsto strengthenthelinkbetween theirresearch andteaching,this workshopwillprovideaframework forusingthecasemethodinthis process. Bybringingresearchinto theclassroom,thetutorbenefits fromstudentinputandresponses, whilststudentsrespondwelltothe enthusiasmandvestedinterestof thetutor. Thisworkshopexplores theuseofcasestomaximisethe potentialofthelinkbetween researchandtechnique.Participants willworkthroughtheirown experiencesandopportunitiesina supportiveenvironment. Fees? 335non-residential. Feesincludecoursematerialsand lunch. ecchmemberorganisations receive10%discount. Aminimumof onesubsidisedplaceforparticipants indevelopingcountriesisavailable onthisevent. Moreinformationon theecchwebsite. GRONEN Teaching Case Development Laboratory 28 June 2012 GRONENResearchConference2012, CouventRoyal,SaintMaximinla SainteBaume,France TheoikosFacultyDevelopment.Symposiumwillofferaplatform forreviewingkeystrategieson howcorporatesustainabilitycanbeintegratedintoteachingat businessschools. Professional DevelopmentWorkshop(PDW) 3TeachingCas eDevelopment Laboratoryaimsatexchanging experiencesinusingteachingcases insustainability-relatedcourses,as wellasmainstreamdisciplinessuch ascorporatestrategy,marketing, entrepreneurshipandfinance.Theworkshopintendstogather scholarswithintheGRONENnetwork whoareteachingcasesor/and areinvolvedincasewriting. By includingexperiencedcasewriters andinstructorswewillexplore principles,methodologiesandtools forefficientcaseteachingand discusswhatanidealteaching noteshouldinclude.Pleaseregisterforthisworkshopvia GRONENwebsite. Case Writing Workshops ecch workshop Writing Cases (Singapore) 11-13 June 2012 NationalUniversityofSingapore Thisintensiveworkshop,presented inassociationwiththeRichardIvey SchoolofBusiness,willbeledby oneoftheworldsmostexperienced casemethodtutors. Theworkshop aimstohelpparticipantswrite effectivecasesquicklyanddevelop skillstocreateamoreenriching classroomenvironmentfortheir students. Theframeworkofthe workshopisbasedontheunique conceptsdevelopedbythetutor. Eachparti cipantwillberequired tocompleteapre-workshop.Cases and Entrepreneurship Making it Work for You 28 June 2012 CranfieldSchoolofManagement,UK Thisonedayeventwillbean opportunityforspecialistsof entrepreneurshipeducationtoshare theirexperienceofusingcases tomaketheirteachingengaging, participatoryandmeaningful. The programmeincludesanoverview ofusingcasesinentrepreneurship teachingusingcasestolink research,teachingandpractice designinganinstructorsmanual (teachingnote)toguideeffective caseteachingandanentrepreneur spotlightaguestentrepreneur fromanunpublishedcompanywill 10 11 10 Spring2012Issue6www. oikosinternational. org/academic assignment.Thiswillinvolve conductingafieldinterviewwith acasecontactpersonandwriting theopeningparagraph(upto60 words)forapotentialcase. During theworkshop,eachparticipantwill completeashortcasebasedonthis interview. Fees? 695/845non-residential. Feesincludecoursematerialsand lunch. ecchmemberorganisations receive10%discount. Anoptional socialdinnerwillbehe ldon12June foranadditionalcostof? 30/40. A minimumofonesubsidisedplacefor participantsindevelopingcountries isavailableonthisevent. More informationontheecchwebsite. Cases that Sing in the Classroom Insights into ontogeny and Teaching ecch workshop Writing Cases (Portugal).2-4 July 2012 AESE,Portugal Presentedinassociationwiththe RichardIveySchoolofBusiness,the workshopaimstohelpparticipants writeeffectivecasesquicklyand developskillstocreateamore enrichingclassroomenvironmentfor theirstudents. Theframeworkof theworkshopisbasedontheunique conceptsdevelopedbythetutors. Eachparticipantwillberequired tocompleteapre-workshop assignment. Thiswillinvolve conductingafieldinterviewwith acasecontactpersonandwriting theopeningparagraph(upto60 words)forapotentialcase. During theworkshop,eachparticipantwill completeashortcasebasedonthis interview. Fees? 695/825non-residential. Feesincludecoursematerialsand lunches.ecchmemberorganisations receive10%discount. Aminimumof onesubsidisedplaceforpart icipants indevelopingcountriesisavailable onthisevent. Moreinformationon theecchwebsite. briefoverviewoncasewriting programmesandexistingcase writingcompetitionswithafocuson sustainability-relatedcompetitions (e. g. EFMD,DarkSide,NextBillion, August 2012 (exact date to be oikos). InPart2wewilldiveintothe confirmed) practiceofcasewritingprogramsby AcademyofManagementconference sharingtheexperiencesoftheUNDP 2012,Boston,US GIMCaseWritingInitiativeandother ThisProfessionalDevelopment initiatives. Part3willbedevotedto Workshopwilltakeplaceatthe awrap-upa.

Roman Empire: Its Fall and Power

Rome was a major power because it always made certain its hold armed forces prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the social norms light-emitting diode to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall.Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the public presentation of the disposal was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authorityRome was a major power because it always made certain its witness military prowess was preeminent. There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire.Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall. Another theory lays the blame at the feet of the Emperor, that the happiness of the people and the functioning of the government was directly correlated with the personal merit and management skills of the reigning authority Rome was a major power because it always made certain its own military prowess was preeminent.There have been many ideas presented as to the fall of the Roman Empire. Many believe that Rome declined morally and the violence and decadence of the societal norms led to the demise. Gibbons has been credited with the theory of the influence and transference of Christianity over the Roman system of Gods and Goddesses that perpetrated the fall.

Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required

ETOPS DEFINITIONS ETOPS argon those flights conducted over a route that contains a point further than wiz hour flying snip at one engine inoperative, still air cruise speed under standard conditions from an comely demarcationPORT. 430 NMs for A-310 for one hour. We have 120 minutes ETOPS approval from DGCA. ADEQUATE gloriolePORT is an airport that meets the landing place performance requirements of the aircraft ie. Ruway length, ATC, Lighting, Communications, endure reporting, Nav Aids, airport facilities and at least one instrument approach.Adequate Airports are selected at the time of planning ETOPS routes. Not necessary to meet PCN requirements. ACN may exceed PCN when airport is used in an Emergency not normal use desirable AIRPORT is an ADEQUATE AIRPORT which at the ANTICIPATED time of use. 1 Hour before earliest E. T. A. to 1 Hour after latest E. T. A. has weather reports OR forecasts which indicate the weather conditions to be at or above the approved minima. The X Wind component for Runway expected should be below permitted X Wind limits. IMPORTANTADEQUATE AIRPORTS are fixed when planning route. SUITABLE AIRPORTS vary for each flight depending upon real time weather, Facilities available/not available, etc. applicable at the time of put to death of an ETOPS flight. In case of an actual Diversion to a SUITABLE AIRPORT, normal landing minima will apply. Check Wx for SUITABLE AIRPORT is above landing minima for that airport before entry into ETOPS area. ADEQUATE AIRPORTS may temporarily become unsuitable if any of the requirements of a ADEQUATE AIRPORT may be temporarily unavailable.WEATHER MINIMA Weather minima for airports designated as suitable enroute alternates under ETOPS Regulations are prescribed as under. It must be noted that the minima shown hereunder are for despatch release purposes just and in the causa of an actual diversion, the applicable landing minima for that airport will be the controlling factor. Further, these minima s are for precision/non precision approaches at the respective airports.In the event ILS is not available, the despatch ETOP minima for that airport should be determined as per FAA Advisory circular AC 120 42A dated 30. 12. 1988 which lays down the following criteria. 1. Airports with 2 or more ILS on separate runways crown of four hundredft and visibility of 1600m or Ceiling of 200ft and visibility of 800m above the appoint ILS landing minima HIGHER. 2. Airports with ILS on single runway Ceiling of 600ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised ILS landing minimaHIGHER. . Airports with non precision approaches Ceiling of 800ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised non precision landing minima whichever is higher. NOTE * Based on the consideration RW 09/27 is available. To be used only when RW 09/27 is not available for operation. CHANGING alternating(a) IN flight of stairs T here is no restriction on the Commander in changing the alternate in flight, after taking into consideration every factors, provided the aforesaid conditions are satisfied.In an emergency, the Commanders can act in the best interest of the Company and occupants of the aircraft. pleasure STRATEGIES Diversions due to land ASAP situations. 1. In Flight railway locomotive Fire. 2. APU Fire. 3. Single Engine Operation. 4. Loss of Both Engine Generators. 5. Avionics Smoke. 6. Cargo Compartment Smoke. 7. Dual Hydraulic System Lo Pressure. Critical fuel Scenarios are 1. Engine Failure. 2. Pressurisation Failure. 3. Engine & Pressurisation Failure. Depending upon the situation, 3 Strategies are used 1. ELECTRICAL GENERATION AVAILABLE GENERATORs AT after(prenominal) 1ST GEN FAILED AFTER 2nd GEN FAILED OR APU AFTER tertiary GEN FAILED send off NOT AVAILABLE NORMAL DESPATCH 2 ENG START APU NO DIVERSION call for DIVERSION REQUIRED 1 APU NO DIVERSION REQUIRED 1 STANDBY MEL OR NORMAL 2 ENG NO DIVERSION REQUIRED DIVERSION REQUIRED NOT APPLICABLE 1 APU MEL DESPATCH 2 ENG 1 STANDBY (b) (b) STANDBY GENERATOR TO BE bearED ON GROUND. 2. ALWAYS DIVERT TO NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT FOR CARGO SMOKE. 3. IF ballpark HYDRAULIC LOST, STANDBY GENERATOR U/S, FACTOR THIS IN CASE OF MEL RELEASE FOR ELECTRICAL, SUBSEQUENT ELECTRICAL FAILURES. MEL DESPATCH CONSIDERATIONS FOR ETOPs NOT EXHAUSTIVE tour MEL FOR ACTUAL 1. AIR CONDITIONING. BOTH PACKS, PACK DEFLECT DOORS, TBV, PACK FAULT LIGHTS, PACK AUTO/MAN TEMPERATURE CONTROL. 2. PRESSURISATION. BOTH OUTFLOW VALVES. 3. VENTILATION.BLOWER FAN, EXTRACT FAN, OVBD VALVE, INBD VALVE. 4. AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM. PITCH neat FOR ER, 2 peradventure INOPERATIVE. BUT BOTH OPERATIVE FROM BASE. AUTO PILOT 1 AUTO PILOT OFF WARNING MESSAGE. TCC & AUTO THROTTLE ACTUATOR MAYBE INOPERATIVE. FOR 1 FLIGHT TO AIRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE 5. ELECTRICAL. STANDBY GEN MUST BE OPERATIVE. DESPATCH entirelyOWED FOR 1 FLIGHT TO A IRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE. OR FOR ER MAY BE INOPERATIVE PROVIDED APU GENERATOR AVAILABLE AND OPERATES CONTINOUSLY WHEN IN ETOPS SECTOR BEYOND 60 MINUTES FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT APU GEN EXCEPT FOR ER MAYBE INOP OR FOR ER OPERATIONS UPTO 120 MINUTES, APU GEN MAYBE U/S PROVIDED STANDBY GENERATOR IS OPERATIVE. 6.FIRE PROTECTION. BOTH FIRE LOOPS ON EACH locomotive engine. 7. CRT. ALL CRTs, ECAM SGU, FWC. ONLY IRS 2 CAN BE INOPERATIVE. IRS 1 & IRS 3 MUST BE OPERATIVE. BOTH FMS. 8. PNEUMATIC. BOTH BLEED SYSTEMS, BLEED VALVES. 9. ENGINE IGNITION. CHECK MEL. 10. IMPORTANT FOR ETOPS STANDBY HORIZON, BOTH OIL QUANTITY, arouse QUANTITY INDICATIONS, DC ESS ON BATT LIGHT, APU INDICATIONS ON ECAM, provide X FEED, 2 HF, 2 VHF. ETOPS FUEL AND FLIGHT PLANNING EEP ETOPS ENTRY POINT. THAT POINT ON ROUTE WHICH IS FURTHER THAN genius HOUR FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT. EXP ETOPS EXIT POINT. THAT POINT ON ROUTE AT force out OF ETOPS SEGMENT WHERE AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT IS AVAILABLE WITHIN ONE HOUR .ETP EQUI TIME POINT BETWEEN TWO SUITABLE DIVERSION ALTERNATES. CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIOS IS FUEL REQUIRED anticipate A NORMAL FLIGHT AND 3 DIFFERENT FAILURE SCENARIOS AT CRITICAL POINT. THE 1 REQUIRING MOST FUEL IS ETOPS CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIO. THE THREE FAILURES ARE ( ENGINE FAIL. ( DE PRESSURISATION. ( ENGINE FAILURE AND DEPRESSURISATION. FUEL REQUIREMENT ? FUEL BURN OFF FROM CRITICAL POINT TO DIVERSION AIRPORT, trim down TO 1500 FEET OVERHEAD. ASSUMING SIMULTANEOUS FAILURE OF ENGINE AND PRESSURISATION, IMMEDIATE DESCENT TO 10,000 THEN CRUISE AT iodine ENGINE SPEED. ? 15 MINUTES HOLDING AT 1500 AT GREEN DOT SPEED. ? ONE INSTRUMENT APPROACH, SECOND VISUAL APPROACH. 5% OF FUEL BURN OFF AS CONTINGENCY FUEL. ? 5% FUEL gas mileage PENALTY OR A DEMONSTRATED PERFORMANCE FACTOR. ? EFFECT OF MEL CDL. ? APU FUEL CONSUMPTION IF REQUIRED AS POWER SOURCE. ? WIND AND MET CONDITIONS CONSIDERED FOR CRUISE AT SINGLE ENGINE ALTITUDE THEN TO DESCEND AND LAND INCLUDING ICING CONDITIONS, WING AN TI ICE, NACELLE ANTI ICE AND DRAG FROM ICE ON UNHEATED PORTIONS OF AIRCRAFT. ? ATC CONSTRAINTS. AIR INDIA ETOPS FLIGHT PLAN ETOPS ANALYSIS. CIRCULAR A310/99/RED-11. FOR THE CHOSEN SUITABLE PAIR OF AIRPORTS FOR THE FLIGHT, THE EARLIEST/LATEST TIME OF ARRIVAL IS GIVEN. EXAMPLEVOMM SUITABLE 2140Z/0139Z EARLIEST BASED ON 2 ENGS, LATEST 1 ENG WMKP SUITABLE 2335Z/0139ZTHESE TIMES ARE BASED ON ONE HOUR BEFORE EARLIEST ARRIVAL TO ONE HOUR AFTER LATEST ARRIVAL. EARLIEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON TWO ENGINE OPERATIVE SPEED. LATEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SPEED. THE CRITICAL FUEL unhurriedness IS BASED ON ABOVE CHOSEN PAIR OF SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FORMAT ? ETP LAT/LONG / quad FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / FLIGHT TIME FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / BURNOFF FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / ESTIMATED FUEL REMAINING OVER ETP. ? TIME FROM ETP TO ALTERNATE BASED ON ONE ENGINE FIXED TAS / TEMP AT FL100 AT ALTERNATE 1 / ETP / ALTERNATE 2 ? THEN FOLLOWS A SUMMARY OF GREAT draw DIST / MET DATA FROM ETP TO BOTH SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FUEL CALCULATION IS BASED ON LRC ALSO WEIGHT OVER ETP IS GIVEN. THE LAST PART CONTAINS THE CRITICAL FUEL CALCULATION REQUIRED TO DIVERT TO ALTERNATES FROM ETP. ? THE FIRST COLUMN ON THE LEFT SIDE GIVES THE MOST LIMITING FUEL REQUIRED FOLLOWED BY TIME FOR THE ENTIRE LINE. THE summate OF THIS COLUMN WHICH GIVES YOU THE TOTAL CRITICAL DIVERSION FUEL. ? TOTAL CRITICAL DIVERSION FUEL PLUS FUEL FROM ORIGINAL AIRPORT TO ETP IS EQUAL TO TOTAL ETOPS REQUIRED FROM ORIGIN. ? THE NORMAL FLIGHT PLAN FUEL SHOULD BE HIGHER THAN THIS FUEL. ? NOTE TAXI FUEL IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE CALCULATIONS. STANDBY GEN CHECK DONE BY AME / FUEL X FEED CHECK FOR ETOPS. REFERENCES FOR ETOPS ? STANDING ORDERS PAGE 7 16 EXTRACTS ON NEXT PAGE ? FLIGHT DESPATCH manual(a) ? CIRCULARSA-310/1999/RED-118/4/99ETOPS FLIGHT PLANNING A-310/2001/RED-288/7/01ETOPS A-310 IMPORTANT CIRCULAR HAS ALL OUR ROUTES, ETOPS SEGMENTS AND ETOPS ALTERNATES ? OPS/HQ/A-310/92-4 26/8/92 ? J EPESSEN ETOPS WEATHER MINIMA STANDING ORDERS ON ETOPS ? NOTE IN CASE OF ENGINE FAILURE OR SINGLE/MUTIPLE PRIMARY SYSTEM FAILURE IT IS A REQUIREMENT THAT PILOT DIVERT TO NEAREST ADEQUATE/SUITABLE AIRPORT. ? AS FAR AS POSSIBLE RETURN OR PROCEED TO AN ONLINE AIRPORT WITHIN THE STIPULATED RANGE OR LAND AT AN AIRPORT ON THE TRACK. ? IF MORE THAN ONE SUITABLE ALTERNATE AVAILABLE, CONSIDER AVAILABILITY OF ENGINEERING. ETOPS ENROUTE ALTERNATES. SECTOR ALTERNATES MAA HKG MAA CHENNAI, capital of Thailand, PHUKET BBG SIN BBG CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, PHUKET, YANGOON SIN DEL PHUKET, CHENNAI, MUMBAI TRV SIN TRV COLOMBO, PENANG, PHUKET, CHENNAI / KUALA LUMPUR, CHENNAI / SINGAPORE BOM SIN BOM CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, YANGOON, PHUKET MAA KUL- MAA MAA SIN MAA BOM DES BOM SALALAH / MOMBASA BOM NBO BOM SALALAH / SEYCHELLES. manlike / SEYCHELLES NO OBSTACLE (STANDARD STRATEGY) DESCEND WITH MCT/M0. 80/300 KTS ON REACHING S. E. ALT LRC 2. 16. 30 Pg 7 TO 10 OBSTACLE PROBLEM (OBSTACLE STRATEGY) DRIFT DOWN WITH GREEN DOT SPD. MCT 2. 16. 30 1-2 AT D. D. ALT. IF OBSTL NOT CLD. MAINTAIN GREEN DOT/MCT, SEL HIGHER ALT TO CLR OBS. AND LVL CHG TO ACHIEVE ASC CRZ. IF OBS CLRD. FOR SUBSEQUENT CRZ USE LRC 2. 16. 30 Pg. 7 TO 10 MINIMUM TIME DIVERSION (MIN TIME DIVERSION STRATEGY) FOR UN- EXTINGUISHED FIRE,SMOKE DESCEND AT MCT & M0. 84/340 KTS RECOMMENDED FL180 TO FL200 ON REACHING S. E. ALT. MAINTAIN MCT OR REQ pierce FOR 340 KTS. 2. 16. 40 Pg. 2 4 FL180 FL200 PRECISION APPROACH NON PRECISION APPROACH AIRPORT CEILING ft VISIBILITY mtrs CEILING ft VISIBILITY mtrs ADEN - - 890 3600 BANGKOK 400 1600 910 4000 CHENNAI 650 3200 1250 6000 CHIANG MAI 690 3200 1170 5200 COLOMBO 630 3200 910 3600 DANANG 690 3200 1070 4800 DAR E SALAAM 600 3200 1070 4800 DEN PASAR (Bali) 700 3200 860 3600 DJIBOUTI 600 3200 900 3800 HANOI 630 3200 1000 4000 JAKARTA 420 2000 890 4000 KARACHI 620 3200 790 3200 KUALA LUMPUR 400 1600 940 4000 KUNMING 6 80 3200 1200 5200 LEARMONTH - - 900 4900 MALE 730 3200 870 3600 MOMBASA 600 3200 860 3600 MUMBAI * 610 * 3200 1760 6400 900 4400 MUSCAT 620 3200 960 4000 NAIROBI 600 3200 1200 6000 PENANG 690 3200 1550 5600 PHUKET - - 1270 5600 SALALAH 620 3200 830 3600 SEYCHELLES 840 4000 1390 6400 SINGAPORE 400 1600 970 4000 YANGON 670 3200 900 5300 ETOP MINIMA FOR AIRPORTS WHICH CAN BE USED IN PLACE OF BOMBAY FOR GULF SECTORS 14 NOV 2002 AHMEDABAD 650 3200 950 5200 CALICUT 1060 5100 1450 6600 COCHIN 690 3200 1010 4400 GOA 850 3500 990 4800 TRIVANDRUM 650 3200 1170 6000 LAND ASAP DIVERSION SUMMARY FAIL ENGINE FIRE ENGINE OR APU SMOKE AVIONICS CARGO DUAL GENERATORS, HYDRAULIC

Review of Peter the Panderer

In this fictitious political speech I identified arguments and non-arguments, facts and non-facts, statements that argon subjective and statements that are relativist. The fifth paragraph shows an argument. at that place are a series of statements that support the final claim that our community endured the same hard times. The supporting statements start with prickings father macrocosm laid off at the Steel Mill, then their family not having enough money for cultivate, and finally the football season being canceled due to low funding.In the fourth paragraph I build the non-argument. The writer of the article, motherfucker, says that Jon expects you to fear losing your job, experience hard times and that he wants to destroy America. Peter does not explain how Jon is going to get us to be afraid, make us experience hard times, or how he is going to destroy America. There are no explanations that support the writers claims and thus that makes this paragraph a non-argument. A fa ctual issue can be answered by an clinical test. A non-factual issue cannot be proven by experiment.I found the following statements to be fact paragraph two, Wall Street journal recently describe that unemployment has risen 4 percent Also in paragraph two, In 2009, he signed an executive order In paragraph three, a grinder exertioner was laid off in Michigan. In paragraph four, The average American family now earns 5,000 dollars less per year In paragraph five, Our high school football season was cancelled due to lack of funding. I believe all of these statements can be proven to be true or senseless and so then are considered to be fact.The next set of statements I found to be non-facts in paragraph one, We are at a go point in our history In paragraph two, America is the greatest country on Earth And in paragraph five, All of us mat up that outsourcing was unethical All of these statements are a matter of the writers values, opinions and beliefs they cannot be proven and therefore are considered non-facts. A subjective statement is found in the first paragraph, My economic plan will create jobs and put money in your pocket. This statement plays off of plentys feelings.Who wouldnt want more jobs or more money? However, this information cannot be counted or measured. Peter uses this as a positive statement which he hopes would make people feel good and thus hopefully vote for him. A relativist statement is found in the fifth paragraph, All of us felt that outsourcing was unethical because without work in the local factory, none of us would be able to eat. Peter was making this statement based on his cultured experiences. From his viewpoint he sensed that this situation was unethical.

Modern Environmental Issues: Fracking Essay

The topic in question is hydraulic fracturing, more commonly known as fracking. Said practice is vital to understand because at the moment there are many questions more or less its potential negative effect on our environment, yet oil companies are pushing for its be intimate legality. The four obligates used include Fracking practices in offshore California waters by oil companies probed by regulators (Jason Dearen and Alicia Chang, Los Angeles Daily News), Fracking war Sierra Club says notification not good enough (Marc Lifsher, Los Angeles Times), As Obama Visits Upstate New York, the Fracking Debate Takes Center Stage (Bryan Walsh, Time Magazine), and Fracking is Eating Away at Our National place (Mary Catherine OConnor, Outside Magazine). The authors all appear to be regular staff journalists for their respective publications.The article from The Los Angeles Daily News uses information provided by Samantha Joye, a naval biologist at the University of Georgia. Tupper Hull, spokesman for the Western States Petroleum Association, was also quoted. The two had very different opinions on frackings overall safety. The article from the Los Angeles Times uses information provided by Kathryn Phillips, the California director for the Sierra Club, along with information from liberal activist groups Credo and MoveOn, and finally from Paul Deiro, lobbiest from the Western States Petroleum Association.Obviously, Deiros opinion on frackings safety was much more favorable for the oil companies than from any of the other sources, who all oppose the practice. The Time Magazine article quoted Walter Hang, the head of an placement called Toxic Targeting, along with President Obama, and New York State Governor Andrew Cumo. Finally, the Outside Magazine article quoted James Nations, leader of the NPCAs Center for Park Research, a U.S. Geological Survey, and Clay Jenkinson, a Theodore Roosevelt scholar who appears in a short film that goes along with the report.The focus of the Los Angeles Daily News article was all about regulation of offshore fracking off the Coast of California and how it must be better regulated, as right now too many pollutants are ledger entry our water. The Los Angeles Times article focuses on how the Sierra Club, along with other liberal and environmental activist groups are calling for an outright ban onfracking preferably of stricter restrictions. The time magazine article focuses on angry New Yorkers and how they will be protesting President Obama, who is adamantly in favor of fracking. The Outside Magazine article explains a new report put out by the US government, highlighting fracking close to bailiwick place. It displays how the practice could negatively affect our national parks delicate ecosystems.The Los Angeles Daily News article had no photos or diagrams at all. The Los Angeles Times article had one photo of a fracking site in kern County. The photo was neutral to the story. The Time Magazine article had a ph oto of angry anti-fracking protestors. The Outside Magazine article was the most comprehensive, with a photo of Theodore Roosevelt national park, and a map of the United States, displaying the national parks most venerable to fracking pollution.Other than the Time Magazine article, which seemed neutral to the issue, all of the articles seemed to be rather anti-fracking. This comes as no surprise because the issues brought up in all three could have negative impacts on the lives of the authors of the articles. In my opinion, fracking should be totally illegal until more decisive studies have been performed, and prove said practice does not have a detrimental effect on our environment, specifically groundwater and ocean water.To improve the articles there should be more diagrams and graphs to better display the information in a more straightforward manor. The only way for the public to have a better intellectual of these issues is if popular television media focuses on important env ironmental debates such as fracking, instead of stories that will have little to no lasting impact. Further, the environmental groups impoverishment to advertise as much as they can, whether it be on television or the Internet.Links to articleshttp//www.dailynews.com/general-news/20130803/fracking-practices-in-offshore-california-waters-by-oil-companies-probed-by-regulatorshttp//www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-enviros-split-over-fracking-bill-20130821,0,3383649.storyhttp//science.time.com/2013/08/22/as-obama-visits-upstate-new-york-the-fracking-debate-takes-center-stage/http//www.outsideonline.com/adventure-travel/adventure-ethics

No Longer at Ease Essay

One of Chinua Achebes main socio-political criticisms in No Longer At Easeis that of corruption in Nigeria. From the moment the al-Quran begins the main character, obeah Okonkwo, is confronted with the effect of bribery. From the moment he arrives at customs to the point at where he gives in to taking bribes himself, the voice of Achebe lingers in the scope through the words. At first obi is as critical as Achebe of bribery. He refuses to take bribes and also finds it necessary for himself to be a pioneer in Nigeria, bringing down corruption in government and instigating change. It seems that corruption runs rampant and that everyone in Nigeria from the whiten man to the Umuofian Progressive Union participates in seeing pot around what they need done. Men offer money, and women offer their bodies, in return for favors and services. obi believes that by non taking brwhile at the university in London, a paper in which he theorized on what would change the corruption of high po sitions in Nigeria. He believed that the old Afri gouges at the top of civil service positions would have to be replaced by a early dayser generation of idealistic and educated university graduates, such as himself. Achebe, however, is not as optimistic as obi because he has obeah fail. Achebe takes us through the path of how someone like Obi can come to take bribes. The news begins on a negative note starting line with Obis trial. It is as if Achebe, by beginning in the give up, is saying that Obi was doomed from the start. Obis position is a difficult one. He is natural in Ibo, solely he has been educated in England and a great deal feels himself a stranger in his own country.He has lost his love because of a rule of the past, he has suffered under great financial distress, he has exerted himself because of the expectations others have placed on him, and he has lost his overprotect. All of this brings the protagonist of the novel to glide by into what he once had believed was a terrible and corrupt act. St mishap, Obi always feels guiltiness at taking a bribe, and he had decided to stop ibes he can make a difference. He had written, them. By having Obi get caught, nonetheless amid an aura of repentanceand guilt, Achebe further illustrates the hypocrisy of completely who have participated in bribes and now throw stones at Obi.And, at the harmingred period, it tells us that, although he got caught, Obi is still a pioneer because he has sworn to not do it again. It may be that his beginning as a pioneer is a rough one, one that has taken a curved path, but it does not by all told odds mean that he cannot still lead toward change. Still, perhaps Achebe may be saying that this is not true, and that Obi, ultimately, has failed at the task he set before himself. Whether the book is a tragedy (an unresolved situation) in Obis definition of the word or not is up to whether we believe that it is Achebe who is the superlative pioneer in the novel. In other words, it is the authors critical voice that will lead others out of such corruption, if not by precisely making the earthly concern and jr. generations of Nigerians aw are of it.The Influence of EducationOne of the most important aspects of Obis life is that he was educated in England. This small incident molds the way others treat him and shapes what others expect of him. At the same time, the learning he holds dear is also one for which he has felt guilt and one which has often made him a stranger in his own Nigeria. Upon his return from England, Obi is secured a position in the civil service, given(p) a car, money, and respect. At the same time, however, he seems to be making unbroken mistakes because of what he has learned to be like, what he has come to understand, and what he has never learned. For instance, when Obi first arrives, he is given a reception by the Umuofian Progressive Union at which he makes several mistakes. He has forgotten how to act in his hom e or scarce does not agree with its ways he wears a short-sleeved shirt and sees nothing wrong with it, for it is hot, and he speaks casually in face, instead of the kind of heavy side of meat that the Umuofians admire in the president of the Union.His education has brought him status and has placed him in a position where others expect the most and best of him. No one can understand, in the end, how a man of his education and promise could take a bribe. Of sort, Achebe, says this cheekily since many who have accused him and who also hold high positions are guilty of similar transgressions. Ironically, the only thing his education did not teach him was how not to get caught. Another important aspect of education, aside from the contradictions mentioned above, is thefact that Obis generation uses its education as a as well asl, paradoxically, against compoundism.Sam Okoli, the Minister of State and also an educated man, verbalizes the position of the populace by saying that, yes , the white man has brought many things to Africa, but it is time for the white man to go. In other words, a man like Obi can use his education to take his country back into his own hands, even if his education is something that the colonizer gave him. It is important to remember that the only way to survive in a innovation where two cultures have met is to allow a certain amount of mixture to be used in a positive regard.Tradition versus Progression bandage Obi is in England he misses his home, longs for his family, and writes nostalgic poetry close Lagos and the sun and the trees of his homeland. He even begins to feel a certain degree of guilt, at times, for canvas English and not being in Nigeria with other Ibo people. Nevertheless, this English has get going a part of him, one that he cannot erase when he arrives back in Nigeria. Obi is in love with his native tongue, and it holds a place in his heart. At the same time, however, he is also flourishing with the English word s.The struggle of words is just one of the many examples of how African traditionand English culture collide in this novel. Obi loves his family dearly, and since his family is symbolic of his roots, it can be said that he loves his roots dearly. This is not to say, however, that he will not rebel against his roots because of things he has learned elsewhere. Obi possesses the more liberal, and even European, belief that he may follow anyone he wishes, even though his family and his countrymen are opposed to it. And, even though he wishes to marry Clara in the end, despite her history, he is tied to his take a symbolic traditional root his blood. It is this struggle surrounded by tradition and European ways that is evidenced throughout and that is further amplified by the European posture of characters like Mr. Green.And, aside from the obvious Mr. Green, in that respect are also the more subtle presences of Europeans at lounges and restaurants throughout Nigeria serving English food and importing European beers. Some of these colonial importations and introductions are good, as is evidenced by the scene about the radiogram between Obi and the Minister of State. Nevertheless, thestruggle exists, and it is obvious that Achebe has a strong negative opinion about colonialism as a whole.MotifsSongs and PoetryThroughout the novel there are songs and poetry that mean different things at different moments in time. When Obi is away at school his poetry is a kind of pull toward Nigeria, a calling and remembrance of home and yet, he writes these poems in English. While he is in Nigeria, there are many songs sung in his presence, some of which Obi also dissects using the English language but not without the Ibo pulling at his heart. It is as though, however, all of this poetry and song represents his desire for home and his hearts need for it. He has canvas poetry in England, but poetry also links him to homethese poetic contradictions are all appropriate to the no vels ultimate struggle, which is that of the young man backup under the end of a long colonial reign.ProverbsIf allusions to English literature are what are constantly driving us toward England, it is the constant allusion to proverbs that drives us back to Africa. Achebe peppers his novel with proverb after proverb, making the novel specifically and strategically African. Achebe, like Obi, is using the tools of colonialism for his own purposes he is making the European melodic phrase of the novel his own.LanguageThe issue of language is omnipresent in the novel and is simply one of the many issues that arise out of a colonial society. Obi struggles between two tongues (Ibo and English) just as he does between two cultures. He was born into one language, and he obtained knowl leap in the form of the other causing one of the basic problems throughout No Longer At Ease.SymbolsMr. GreenMr. Green is symbolic of the European presence in Nigeria, as he is the epitome of the paternal col onizer, who has brought some good but mostly arrogance. He is very much the kind of Englishman who believes in the good of empires and thinks he can, as Obi points out, tell people how to live their lives.The Umuofian Progressive UnionIf Mr. Green stands for Europe in Obis struggle between tradition and European ways, then the UPU stands for the stubborn traditional ways of the past. Mr. OmoOmo stands for what Obi calls the old African, which is representative of a more submissive, (to the British) older generation of Nigerian. It is a generation that has more attention of the British than the younger generation, which longs for independence and freedom.-Analysis of Major CharactersObi OkonkwoThe protagonist of the No Longer at Ease, Obi Okonkwo, is a young man born in Ibo in the Eastern Nigerian colonisation of Umuofia. He was well educated and eventually sent to study law in England, a course of study he eventually changed to English. He stays in England for nearly four years, at times longing for the warm weather of home and all the other nostalgic qualities his memory supplies him during long winters abroad. Nevertheless, his arrival is less than what he has expected. Because he is educated, he is given a European post, and he works in an office whose ethics he finds repulsive. He stands firmly against the bribery that goes on and is opposed to his boss, a very old, white, and English colonial man named Mr. Green. Obi finds himself in a constant battle between traditions of the world into which he was born (that of the village and his traditional African roots), represented by the Umuofian Progressive Union, and the conventions of a changing world.Obi finds himself at the beginning of a generation of change, caught between two worlds. He is unable to marry the woman that he loves because she is considered an outcast. He claims to want to marry her anyway because by the time he has children, the world will have changed, and it will not matter, just as i t does not matter now that his get down is a convert to Christianity (a conversion that was once quite scandalous). Still, Obi loses his fiance, his mother, and finds himself in serious debt throughout the course of the novel. He must pay back his experience loan and is responsible for sending money home.Eventually, Obi breaks under all of this pressure and gives in to the bribery he had stood against soidealistically, but he does not give in without guilt. At the end, he even claims to be finished with bribery, right before he is caught. Somehow it is too late, and his situation, his position of being caught between two shifting worlds, becomes almost impossible. Obis birth name is Obiajulu which means the psyche at last is at rest, and this naming is a looming irony, considering the appellation of the novel and Obis predicament. Obi is ill at ease in both of his cultural experienceshe lies in the middle, a difficult place.ClaraClara is some other character in the novel that is struggling in the changing world of pre-independence Nigeria. She is educated abroad, like Obi, and has a career as a nurse. She has a mind of her own and is often stubborn but shows herself to be quite caring, nevertheless. The first one-on-one conversation she has with Obi was regarding Obis seasickness (she had gone to his cabin, on their voyage home, because she had seen that he was feeling ill). She is also willing to compromise, and, although she finds Obis poetry boring, she is willing to listen to it. She is also willing to meet with friends of Obis that she dislikes. While she seems quite spoiled at times, she does her shopping in the slums and is willing to genuinely give Obi money to save him from trouble, even if he is backward to take it.However, the truth remains that she is a difficult person, perhaps because she finds it difficult to let go of her past. She is strong-minded though not intellectual and finds herself bound to a tradition that seems unfair to both h er and Obi. She is burdened by the fact that she is an osu, which means that because of her ancestral past, she is an outcast. It is for this reason that she cannot marry the man she wishes to marry.Though Obi claims he does not care, he respects the ultimatum of his mother, which is that he must wait until she is dead, or she will kill herself if he marries Clara while she (his mother) is alive. This upsets Clara, and it is after this that they have their final break-up, after which Clara is hospitalized because of complications during an abortion. During this time Clara refuses to see Obi. From the beginning Claras romance with Obi was on unstable ground. Symbolically we need only to look at where Clara and Obi first began their descent in the water, on turbulent and fluctuating grounds.William GreenThe character of Mr. Green is representative of the white, European presence in Africa that resulted from the spread of Englands empire and its colonial hold on Nigeria. He is an arro gant man, who believes that the African is corrupt through and through and that it is the British who have brought Africans civilization and education. Nevertheless, Mr. Green seems to be committed to Nigeria, and there are characters in the book such as his secretary, Miss Tomlinson, who constantly support him in spite of his strangeness. Miss Tomlinson, however, is also a white Englishperson living in Nigeria. The narrator tells the reader that Green works long and hard hours, but this quality is constantly being uprooted by reminders of his colonial attitude and transcendency complex.He thus has a problematic relationship with Obi, who is an educated African in a European post. Still he believes in education, which makes it both ironic and fitting that he pays for the education of his stewards sons. Mr. Green finds it a problem that Africans ask for weeks off at a time for Mr. Green finds it a problem that Africans ask for weeks off at a time for vacations. However, this tradit ion was actually started by the very Europeans who held these high posts in civil service preceding to the Africans themselves.These contradictions are constantly arising out of the character of Mr. Green. He is an archetypal figure of patriarchic colonialism that finds it difficult to relinquish such a position. In fact, when he aspect Nigerians would attain independence, he had threatened to resign. Significantly, Mr. Green is a figure of an older world that is constantly present in the Nigeria of the late fifties, which Achebe portrays, only several years before its eventual independence, when a figure like Green will remain a problem but eventually become obsolete.-Plot OverviewObi Okonkwo is a young man, about twenty-six years old, who returns to Nigeria after studying in England at a university for four years. No Longer At Ease, begins with a trial against Obi that takes place a while after his return, and the novel then works its way backward to explain how Obi has come to be charged with accepting a bribe. The Umuofia Progressive Union(U.P.U) has given Obi a encyclopedism to study law in England, a scholarship that Obi has to pay back upon his return. And, thus, he leaves for England, stopping in Lagos on the way out. While in England, several things happen to him. First, he changes his course of study to English and abandons law. Secondly, he finds himself nostalgic for home, writing poems about Nigeria. Finally, he meets a girl named Clara at a dance in London but fails to make a good impression. However, the girl is Nigerian also, and on Obis boat ride back home, after nearly four years in England, he meets Clara once again.This time, they begin a relationship. Once back in Nigeria, Obi stays, once again, in Lagos with his friend Joseph, trying to find a job and a place of his own. He also visits his own home village of Umuofia. Obi is quickly given a post on the Scholarship Board of the civilised Service and is also quickly introduced to the wo rld of bribery, which is a world he wholeheartedly rejects with a strong idealism at first. This is indicated early on when a man offers Obi money in order for Obi to pull strings for his little sisters scholarship. Obi is appalled and rejects the offer, only by and by to be met at home by the little sister herself who offers Obi her body in return for the scholarship favor. Again, Obi rejects this offer. Although Obi begins his life in Nigeria in an honest way, events do not go as he has planned.First, Clara tells him that she cannot marry him because she is an osu, an outcast. Obi decides to ignore this and go against what most of his fellow countrymen believe to be a major transgression of custom, and he decides he will marry her anyway. Still, his economic hardship worsens, given that he has to send money home and that he is in debt. Obi then receives a letter from his give telling him that he must go home. When he arrives at home he sees that his mother is very ill. And, his parents tell him he must not marry Clara because she is an osu. In fact, Obis dying mother gives him an ultimatum she tells him that if he insists on marrying Clara, he must wait until she is dead because if he marries Clara while she is alive, she will kill herself. Obi, therefore returns back to Lagos and tells Clara all that has transpired. Clara becomes angry and breaks off the engagement, afterwards hinting at the fact that she is pregnant. It is at this point when Obi arranges an abortion.He does not have the money and needs to borrow it. Complications arise out of the operation, and Clara is hospitalized, after which she refuses to see Obi. Obi then returns to work,only to be notified that his mother has died. He does not go home for the funeral, and the U.P.U. discusses this failure on Obis behalf as a sign of his not having cared about his mothers death. The truth, however, is that he was terribly saddened by her death, feels terrible remorse and guilt, and has entered into a state of mental unrest.However, Obi awakes from this unrest with a new comprehend of calm. He feels like a new man, and it is at this point that he takes his first bribe, not without a certain degree of guilt. Obi allows this acceptance of bribes to become habitual. He continues to take bribes until the end of the novel, when Obi decides he cannot stand it anymore. He has paid off all of his debts and can no longer be a part of the corruption. It is at this moment, however, when he has taken his last bribe, that he is caught, which brings us back to the beginning of the novel.Discuss the Significance of the novels title No Longer at Ease. Answer for Study Question 1 The title of the novel relates mostly to Obi and his predicament. He finds that he is no longer at ease inside African society, where bribes are taken, where he is shunned for wanting to marry the woman he loves because of his ancestry, and where he is looked down upon because he has trouble relating the people from the village where he was born. He is not at ease, either, however, within British sectors of society. He is able to speak fluent and good English, he is able to analyze and discuss, but he is unable to relate to someone like Mr. Green. He also feels himself, like other Nigerians, as is evidenced in the retrospective scene about London, a stranger in a strange land while in England.He misses Nigeria and is in fact nostalgic for her when he is away. He understands what he must do for his country and that she is important however, his return is different from memory. Memory is, in many ways, shattered when he revisits Lagos and his old home of Umuofia. Furthermore, by the end he finds himself uneasy with his lot in life he is broke, he has lost Clara and his mother and has given in to taking bribes. Finally he feels guilt for this but it is too late.There is also the irony of Obis name, which means the mind is at last at rest. It is supposed to mean that his fathers mind is at rest bec ause he was born a boy after so many girls however, when juxtaposed against the title of the novel it becomes the greatest irony of the novel because Obiis, of course, never, himself, at rest. The title is perfect because it describes a generation of Africans, in this case Nigerians, that find themselves living in between worlds, cultures, and on the verge of a post-colonial world.CloseDiscuss the problem of language in the novel. Think about the problem as it relates to the characters of the novel as well as to Chinua Achebe. Answer for Study Question 2 Language is an issue that arises out of all colonized countries because the colonized are educated in the language of the colonized. The issue arises time and again in Achebes novel. When Obi returns from England, the members of the Umuofian Progressive Union are not impressed by Obis English because it is too casual. They like to listen to English when it is full and spoken in all its purple prose, in the way that the president of the UPU speaks it. This kind of English is a kind of class token. There is a certain amount of pride, ironically, in the language of the colonizer.This may be, however, because those admiring this English are from an older generation. When Obi is discussing eating yams with his hands he says that the younger generation can do this because they do not fear being called uncivilizedthe same may apply to their mode of feeling regarding language. The younger generation of Obi and Christopher, Obis friend, plays with language much more easily. For instance Christopher speaks different kinds of English, depending on what he is talking about and to whom he talking.Obi claims that most educated Africans participate in this playfulness with language. Obi has his own problems with language as is evidenced when he attempts to speak or read for his family in his own language and finds it difficult. His mother tongue, although never replaced sentimentally, is often replaced by an English that com es with more ease. He is able to translate into English and understand. Nevertheless, Ibo is still a especial(a) languagethe language of home. It is the language that Clara speaks to him when they are alone for the first time, and it is the language he longs for while he is across the sea in England.CloseWhat are the main reasons for Obis change of opinion toward bribery? Answer for Study Question 3 First of all, Obi never really believes that it is all right to take a bribe, he always seems to do so with a sense of guilt. Nevertheless, there may have been moments where it was simply a drop dead into complacency or even an act that arose out of the aftermath of desperation. Obis financial situation was poor, he owed money to many people, he had his scholarship to pay back, he had to take care of himself, and he had to send money home. The temptation to take a bribe was always present. However, what seemed to put him over the edge was not his financial burden but his loss of hope.He had lost his mother and his lover, plus he found himself constantly out of place and ill at ease. He longed for complacency and contentmentfor the kind of attitude that Christopher, an educated friend much like himself, was able to take on. Perhaps he even took the bribes to illustrate that he knew the way things worked that he, too, even if he had gone away for four years, knew how the ways of the Civil Service functioned. Still, this bribery was never something he was comfortable with but his feelings of unease only amplify by his guilt and his being caught.

Explore How Isolation used by both authors? Essay

One way in which closing off is presented in through social closing off it can be noted that piggy is particularly a victim here(predicate). Golding states that the naked crooks of grosss knees were plump and that he was shorter than the fair boy. From Piggys immediate introduction, he is already portrayed as an outsider, in comparison with the fair boy who symbolises the other islanders. Perhaps Goldings use of the word naked is an implicit way of suggesting Piggys vulnerability which is what ultimately leads to Piggy being socially isolated. An interesting instance of Piggy as a victim of social isolation is when he is forbidden to sit with the rest of the islandersPiggy sat expressionless behind the luminous wall of his myopia- Golding is explicitly stating that Piggy is excluded because of his myopia, which is compargond to a wall the luminous wall represents a metaphoric wall between Piggy and the rest of society. Piggy himself appears to accept that he is not accepted by re ferring to the islanders as them other kids the word them highlights this clear difference in social status between Piggy and the other islanders and so why he is excluded. One could betoken that Golding is utilising social isolation to criticise British culture as many were a victim of social prejudice when this book was published in the 1950s.This is comparable to the social isolation faced by Kingshaw in Im the King of the castling which, like Piggys, is caused by Kingshaw being a member of the trim class. Hill immediately indicates Kingshaw lower class, upon his introduction describing the sky as the colour of dirty sixpences I feel this is interesting on dickens notes, perhaps the six pence is an indication of Kinghaws lower class because a sixpence was of little value, or equally the dirty colours could be a systema skeletale of pathetic fallacy, and hence a form of prolepsis beckoning for Kingshaw to suffer social isolation.One example of the social isolation faced by K ingshaw is when he escapes from Warings to the remote Hang Wood, which is depicted (from Kingshaws point of view) as being completely hidden and then why he liked it. The word hidden is comparable to isolation, something that Kingshaw could only dream about. Hill, like Golding, may also be criticising the divide in classes, perhaps she felt that the lower class were often mis-treated, the personal effects of which burdened on the youngest of the family.Both Piggy and Kingshaw are comparable because they face social isolation because they are of lower class. However, it should be noted that whilst Piggy does not wish to subjected to isolation, Kingshaw see isolation as path of escaping persecution, and therefore he embraces isolation. Because of this, I feel Hill has been the more effective author in here use of isolation, isolation has a greater meaning in Im the King of the Castle, it is Kinghaws only method of surviving Hoopers reign of terror, whereas in Lord of the Flies, t he reader can argue Goldings portrayal of Piggy as an irritating character is also a cause of his isolation. An erupt both authors face however is that their ideas on class are now out-dated, the modern reader may not understand references made by Hill and Golding regarding class.Another way that Golding utilises isolation, is in the portrayal and hence the effects of the isolation of children from larges. When the children discover there arent any adults on the island, they begin to distribute adult roles in society, and begin creating their own rules. Initially Piggy appears to be horrified at the prospect of isolation from adults nervously asking Arent there any grown ups at all?- Piggy the part of reason is aware of the ill-effects of children inhabiting an island by themselves, and most likely explains the cause of concern in his voice. This isolation from grow-ups has devastating effects, as the children begin to lose contact with the rules that the very adults made themsel ves this is symbolised when the savages are painted out of intuition- in this case recognition could symbolically represent the rules of society (adults) but because of the isolation faced by the savages, they no longer obey such rules.The verb painted is especially effective here as it describes the manner in which isolation affects the young slowly over time. Another instance of isolation causing behaviour that our society would not accept is when a dictatorship emerges under Jack one of the highlights of this being when a savage states Jack is going to beat Wilfred the casual manner in which the savage speaks depicts the distances that Jacks folk music have moved from society, there is no emotion in that phrase and this only further suggests the prejudicious impact on children when they are isolated from adults. Perhaps Golding is being cynical of human nature, criticising humans and their overlook of empathy which only appears to be existent because of the rules of society . Maybe, Golding sees the deeper impacts of bad human nature, such as pauperisation in poorer countries.

Frankenstein Monologue †the Monster Essay

But your not what I thought it would be, I thought I was making an angel were the first words I heard when I came to life. He doesnt have in mind Im an angel, well if he doesnt think Im good rich to be his angel then so be it. Nobody will be able to evaluate me, pick on me when I run away, far away into the deepest depths of the forest where the wolves attack.As i ran up to the small house, when I heard her voice she sounded so sweet, she was so sweet. She was the first person who real negociated for me, who actually talked to me without trying to kill me. She believed I was good, then he came and hurt me. He thought I was nothing, that I had no feelings but little did he know I would destroy the whole town. He didnt even let me talk, he just took one look at me and thought I was bad, that I would hurt people but as soon as he shot me I changed. I no longer was the creature that tried to love and be loved by all, no I was the creature that people would fear most I would care fo r no one, as they didnt care about me. They turned me bad, they turned me evilI would get revenge, I would get revenge for the very(prenominal) first words I heard. I didnt think about anything at that moment, I only thought about what I was about to do. When I saw him playing he seemed so still but they are all the same, they all think the same. It was the very first time I laughed. It matte up good to finally get revenge on frankenstein, to destroy his world like he done for(p) mine.The day finally came, the day that Frankenstein fears most. The day when I killed his brother was the day he promised he would collect me a partner. That day 2 years ago was the first time I acted like a human being and I did it out of all of the rage and anger that had been building up indoors of me. I would finally feel complete once she comes alive, once I can finally mark her in my arms.

Motorola in China

Executive compact In a prominent level of integration worldwide economy today, good deal are to a greater extent concerned about the phenomenon of intermediary corporations and multinational companies renounce the traditional research and learning form in the phalanx countrified where they have set up research and development c arrives. In this report I will discuss about Motorolas reasons to enter mainland China and commit itself as a local anesthetic ac society. Moreover, I will talk about the localization strategies in china and its merchandise position. Apart from that I will illustrate the PEST and SWOT analysis of Motorolas localization dodging in China.Further more than, I will discuss the characteristics of Motorola as the declamatory emerging commercialise in China. Table of content circumscribe Executive Summary2 Table of content3 Abbreviations4 Introduction5 Main body6 Reasons for Motorola to enter China6 Strategies espo use of goods and services by Motorola t o enter China. 8 Operation strategy of Motorola9 Framework analysis of Motorola operations in China10 India and China Global Trends12 Conclusion13 References13 Abbreviations PEST Political, sparingal, Socio-cultural, Technological SWOT- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats SEZ Special Economic ZoneCAMP China Accelerated Management Program R&D Research and Development IDEN Integrated digital Enhanced Network SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome MNC Multi National Companies ITO outside(a) Trade organic law BPO Business Process Outsourcing BRIC Brazil, Russia, India, China GDP Gross Domestic Product USD United States Dollar SMIC semiconductor Manufacturing Internal potbelly Introduction In 1987 Motorola established a delegate slur in Beijing. It was relations with exportation of telecommunications gear and semiconductor to China.Due to the change magnitude of competitions from other companies, Motorola decided to move some of its industrialized activiti es to China. In 1992, Motorola China Ltd was established and opened an sedulousness in Tianjin. Motorola was the leading worldwide trade in manufacturing right electronic clay, communications components and semiconductors. The high society mainly dealt with cellular, personal communication, defense and space electronics and computers and other many more electronics products. According to Wen-Cheng et al. 2010) due to its expansion on business in six continents, Motorola employed more than 142,000 people and maintain toil amenities globally. Motorola had a elementary objective of priotizing customers satisfaction through quality, speed, engineering science and squad work. Motorola succeeded to fulfill its objective in China because it understood the market and the culture of the people. It also maintained unbending reliability and foc utilise on an idea of a world in which e genuinelyone can attain plenteous potential. However, in 2000s Motorola started to obtain a coarse competition from the Chinese mobile handset companies.Motorolas market started to fall due to the increasing competition in the market. This led Motorola to raise its sales and market shares by introducing new strategy in 2002 in order to maintain its market. The strategy did not care as the matter of fact Motorola went on losing its market in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Main body Reasons for Motorola to enter China The growth of Motorola in China went proportional with Chinas economic development and Chinas involvement in the world economy. Establishment of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in 1979 which bear on investors mainly those which engaged in light manufacturing industries.The contrary companies that decided to confine at SEZ were privileged to limited taxes treatment and particular services like infrastructure (Mack, L 2012). Chinese market size, China was the very momentous market for the company. Motorola thought that it was great to establish its manufacturing base and center for its company research in China (Hedley, M 2012). Despite Chinas complicated social and policy-making surround, Motorola was able to hand tremendous success. It do it possible to make a way into Chinese market and became the leading company in the Chinese mobile market.It is said that Motorola paved its success due to the strategies it implemented and put into rumination of the peoples culture and the market. However, wealth of Motorola rendered the significance of the company to join to the Chinese market. In 2003 Motorola mount up investment of $3. 4 billion which modifyd the company to be the first in the list of foreign investors in China. It was also one of the biggest exporters from China- exporting goods worth more than $3. 5 billion (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Moreover, setting up a corporate image was another reason for Motorola to enter China and commit itself.Implementation of personnel, business culture, materials, and merchandise localization can establi sh companys public image. This is seen when Motorola decided to move its delegate office to China and expanded its business into various segments. In addition to that, in structuring its brand among the Chinese, Motorola mounted different signs and advertisements in busy market places and televisions in order to make people aware of what they are dealing with. It also opened big stores in the market areas such as Shanghai and Beijing pass the latest mobile andsets models. Also, Motorola came up with an mod notion named Motorola T witnesss which specifically dealt with giving an exclusive retailing experience to consumers. In these towns consumers could walk in and see for themselves mobile handsets and make a try outs of other proficient gadgets for free. This system helped customers to get the knowledge about the most modern expert trends and attach them expressively with the company. However, this system helped Motorola to get feedback from the customers about its products (W en-Cheng et al. , 2010).Low cost of raw materials for production, Motorola provided technological support to its suppliers in order to get gamey quality raw materials for the production of their commodities. In doing so, it actively developed the suppliers from local areas to provide service to the company. Motorola do up a unfluctuating and reliable association with these suppliers so that they could produce raw materials which will enable Motorola to produce high standard commodities. Motorola got a full use of these suppliers as they came to establish their manufacturing base in China (Gaur and Cateora 2006).Low cost of labor, Motorola Company made sure that it produces high quality of commodities with low costs. In doing so, it produced professionals from their own universities in order to comprehend the business and organization structure and rules and regulation. Chinese world, in the year 1987 the population of China was approximately to 1. 1 billion. Due to that fact, Mo torola computed that it would get a huge opportunity for the market of its commodities as healthy as adequate manpower to manufacture the products for affordable and low cost (PubMed 1987). Strategies adopted by Motorola to enter China.Motorola just like any other international company had its own strategies to enter Chinese market and make sure that it monopolizes it. And this is why at the start it set its industrialized facilities in China. For its success, Motorola adopted the five strategies which led to its remarkable achievements to conquer the Chinese market. The strategies are as follows- a) Investment /engineering transfer. Technology transfer helped Motorola to constantly enhance the intensity of research and development in order to supply the country with the sophisticated communications solutions.Motorola spent $120 million in Tianjin area for production of pagers, cellular phones and transparent commixd circuits. Due to the expansion of its technology, Motorola esta blished the second plant for the production of automotives electronics, advanced microprocessors, walkie-talkie systems and assumed silicon wafers (Gaur and Cateora 2006). b) Management localization. Motorola came into sense that in order to minimize cost and increase its markets share, it should employ more Chinese ply. The Chinese staff required managerial talents so that they could be adequate in management.To solve that problem, in 1993 Motorola established Motorola University to train the young staff about the international managerial situations. The University came to be the companys training base as it dealt with communication technology and business management. At the end of the day, Motorola accomplished enormous success which led to its commitment to the people. It made sure that from seniors to the general staff were from local. As a result 90% of the staff was Chinese (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010). c) Local sourcing.Cost maximization was one big thing Motorola was trying to avoid as a result it sourced from local firms. Training was important to the staff to develop their standard by broadening technological and managerial maintenance. Training enabled the local companies to raise their productiveness and protect of the commodities and even supported them to penetrate into the world markets (Gaur and Cateora 2006). d) Joint ventures/ co-operative projects. To expand its market in China, Motorola entered in 9 joint ventures with Chinese companies in order to increase its production capacity.Joint venture helped Motorola to increase admission charge into the Chinese market without launching more plants. In addition to that, Motorola was able to do some savings through joint ventures (Gaur and Cateora 2006). e) Brand localization strategy. Localization of the Motorola brand made it possible to hit the targeted groups. It localise the brand culturally so as to infiltrate the customers. The products with the cultural brand usually tend to integrate to achieve customers emotions of rejection from the elimination of foreign commodities (Wen-Cheng et al. 2010). Operation strategy of Motorola Motorola managed to defeat the Chinese market when it gived and implemented the R&D strategy as their secret weapon in the Chinese market. The strategy was centered on technological advancement and innovations. Motorola carried out researches in the locale of communication software and semiconductors. The research conducted facilitated Motorola Company to create FLEX paging technology helped Motorola to come up with the highest quality of commodities which were durable and valuable.Motorola also established labs for production procedure, analysis and software equipment on the increase of new technologies that would make China a high technology manufacturing hub. Furthermore, Motorola entered into research partnership with local universities whereby it could contribute equipments and give opportunities to college students to work as intern in t he company. By doing this would enable Motorola to achieve the local countrys scientific and technological contribution and to respond to the host market demands and innovate near the production places (Wen-Cheng et al. , 2010).To make their operations in the Chinese market better, Motorola instituted the Motorola University in 1993 in order to train the Chinese employees to become competent in the global managerial positions. The University had a training program called China Management Program (CAMP). The program was for the Chinese staff whereby they were trained on the job for 14 months which involved action learning, coaching and rotation of training of staff by using Motorolas global facilities. The CAMP syllabus helped the Chinese to be trained about the market economy, value creation, business process design and benchmark.Moreover, Motorola had to interview the staff in order to get the best ones for the job. It was important for the employees to know English as they were go ing to face the global market of which English language is the integrate language (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Framework analysis of Motorola operations in China Furthermore, assessment of external and internal environment of any organization is essential for its strategic planning. PEST analysis provides information that is useful to equalize the companys resources and potentials to the competitive environment in which it prevails.PEST stands for political, economical, socio-cultural and technological factors. Motorola used the PEST analysis to illustrate how it managed to operate its business activities in the Chinese market. Political factor, China had a difficulty and unstable social and political environment but Motorola managed to penetrate the Chinese market and paved its way to being the leading company in the Chinese mobile handset market. Economical factor, Motorola had its reasons to enter China and dominate the Chinese market. one and only(a) of the major reasons is the huge population of China which is approximately to be 1. 1 billion.This factor stimulated Motorola as they were acquainted with the market of their commodities and availability of cheap labor. Moreover, social-cultural factor administered Motorola to perform incredibly in the Chinese market as they understood the local market and the Chinese culture due to its strategies it adopted. It localized the brand of its commodities culturally so as to gain access to the customers. Finally, technological factor Motorola advanced in research and development center in China called Motorola China Research and Development Institute in Beijing where technological advancement and innovation was focused.The institute was concerned with researches in the areas of communication software and semiconductors. The presence of manufacturing procedure, analytical, and software and equipment labs for expanding innovative technology made China a high-technology production hub (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Apart f rom PEST analysis, Motorola made sure that it has managed to use the SWOT analysis to show its weaknesses, strengths, opportunity and threats from the internal and external environment. Strength, Motorola was the leading provider of wireless handset communication and broadband system.In addition to that it was the solitary supplier of iDEN network infrastructure. Because of all that it became known to be the strong and famous in the market. Weaknesses, Motorola could not satisfy its customers as it produced low quality of goods, insufficient employees, diseases like SARS, tearing competition and lost of its prestigious customers (Gaur and Cateora 2006). Opportunities, strong brand, promotion strategies and risk taking through product modernisation made Motorola to be well positioned in the market.The hybrid products which were produced by Motorola enabled them to get a huge market and expand to other countries like Japan, Taiwan, France, Italy, United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Threats , lack of government protection against the outside competitors, competition from Japan as it produced durable products and sold cheap and sharing market with the foreign competitors. SWOT compend DIAGRAMPEST ANALYSIS DIAGRAM WEAKNESSES (W) STREGHTS (S) FIRM FIRM Technological Socio-Cultural Economical Political OPPORTUNITIES (O) THREATS (T) India and China Global TrendsChina and India being part of BRIC were able to become heir to globalization. Since the year 1980, Chinas economy has been growing profligate globally. Its GDP was USD 305 billion which led to be seen as the leading economy in the world. In 1980-2000, India made a step forward to the growth of 6% GDP. Due to their population size, India and China were both positioned in the emerging markets whereby China with 1. 3 billion population and India with 1. 1 billion (Needle, 2010). Talking about outsourcing worldwide with BPO and ITO, India and China maintained their dominance in the multi-sourcing trend.India manage to secure a good position in MNCs as its labour force was well skilled, sociable government policies for foreign investment, steady political coach and English language expertise. All this proved that India sustained its dominance to both ITO and BPO markets. China as well boosted its forces on the global sourcing. It was seen that, India led China in the dollar value of Chinese software industry as it was twice the Indias. The Chinese government supported the local software industry and this took a huge part in enhancing the growth of Chinese industry (Oshri et al. 2009). Conclusion Apart from all the success, Motorola faced downward falls in the early 2003 which led the company to be sold to the Shanghaibased Semiconductor Manufacturing Internal Corp (SMIC). The said reasons for the fall of Motorola were SARS outbreak which caused the plant to be closed for the fear of the spread of the disease. Moreover, the increase of competition in the mobile market caused Motorola. As Motorola was losing its shares in the Chinese market, the competitors were raising.Furthermore, the excessive inventory of beyond 30 million handsets caused the price battles and discounts in the market and caused Motorola to fall by 10% in 2003 (Gaur and Cateora 2006). References Pearson (2004) Motorola in China. in stock(predicate) at http//www. pearsoned-asia. com/comp/chow/instructors/preview/BS-Ch33. pdf (Accessed 18 March 2012) Needle, D (2010) An Introduction to Business and its surroundings. Myilibrary Online. Available at http//0-lib. myilibrary. com. brum. beds. ac. uk/SearchResults. aspx (Accessed 10 March 2012) Ghauri, P and Cateora, P (2006) International Marketing, Motorola in China.International Business Environment Online. Available at https//breo. beds. ac. uk (Accessed 22 March 2012) PubMed (1987) The population on the mainland of China totals 1. 07244 billion. Available athttp//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12315472 (Accessed22 April 2012). Emerald Strategic Direction (2002) The reasons behind Motorolas success in China, what makes Chinese joint ventures a success, 19 (2) Online. Available at http//www. emeraldinsight. com/journals. htm? issn=0258-0543&volume=19&issue=2&articleid=869312&show=html (Accessed 12 April 2012).Wen-Cheng, C. , Ying-Chang, C. Kuo, C. and Ying-Chien, C. (2010) A Case Study on the Motorola Chinas Localization Strategy, Online. The Journal of International Management Studies, 5 (1) Online. Available at http//www. jimsjournal. org/7%20Wang%20,Wen-Cheng. pdf (Accessed 10 April 2012). Hamilton, L. and Webster, P. (2009) The International Business Environment. Oxford oxford university press. Mack, L (2012) Chinese Culture. Available at http//chineseculture. about. com/od/businesseconomy/a/Chinas-Special-Economic-Zones-Sez. htm ( Accessed 30 April 2012)