Pest Analysis Of The United Arab Emirates Economics Essay

Pest Analysis Of The linked Arab Emi reckons Economics EssayThe increasing economic develop ment in UAE and Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Arabia has made these developing states an excellent nation for those king-sized frame who choose to brandish overseas or are affaired in Foreign get Investment (FDI). Globalization support to streng thusly their distribution channel and their economies. Saudi Arabia is cursorily gaining importance as a manufacturer and economic draw in the world. These countries have eliminated many a(prenominal) of their spate barriers now and have a free trade economic system that attracts many business men from around the lump who work throughk new consumers and target market for their products (Bloomberg, 2010). unify ABRAB EMIRATES PEST ANALYSISPOLITICALThe stable political situation of UAE equal to attract almost any major financial institution that ineluctably to invest. These financial institutions can as sist in accessing capital markets emerging at heart the UAE frugality. the banking system developed my emi come outs is a relationship based system of banking with the monetary policy and system capable enough to fulfill funding supplies of a later stage that may be equity leasing or loans (John, 2010). frugalOut of three million existence of UAE 60% of them are in the workforce. In the UAE economic system the level of FDI is very superior. Globalization has helped improve the UAE thriftiness greatly by bringing in thousands of workers, services and products from throughout the world. UAE has been a member of World Bank, WTO and IMF for seven grades. The country has huge wealth and has undergo trade surplus of approximately over 100 billion dirham in the past year (Tomlinson, 2010).SOCIALAll of UAE citizens have high living standard, a western lifestyle and continues uphill financial positions. The club last outs free and open to all types of restaurants, tourism, sport a nd recreational activities. The multicultural nature of society and preservation existing in UAE allows fir many of the foreigners to work there in well paid positions (Cateora and Graham, 2007).TECHNOLOGICALThe UAE population comp revoke of young and extremely technologically knowledgeable professionals. The IT industry aids tourism, hotel and IT service sector. The IT software industries and internet usage in the gulf land is double the outrank of Europe. The UAE population has the largest users of internet, satellite and mobile phone at heart the Middle East (Cateora and Graham, 2007).SAUDI ARABIA PEST ANALYSISPOLITICALThe politically stable presidency of Saudi Arab attracts many of the foreign investors and business men. The government in addition provides various incentives that attract many investors and tourism from around the globe (Morgan, 2010)ECONOMICSaudi Arab placards for the worlds major oil manufacturing business and merchandiseers. This allows Saudi economy t o earn a high gross domestic product. It also helps its current account to proportionateness against the value of imports when the necessitate for oil is high (Griffin and Pustay, 2009).SOCIALThe religious bill of Saudi Arabia for the Muslim also holds great significance. In the religious seasons people from all over the world come to pay visit to the sacred places. This accounts for much of the tax income for Saudi economy. Hotels, restaurants and residential places earn high revenue in these seasons (McGinley, 2010).TECHNOLOGICALSaudi Arab is a country that harbours itself technologically updated as it needs to cater a massive population of tourists and visitors from around the world. Saudi Arab imports technological machinery from Japan and other countries which enables it to be established as well-technologically equipt country (Morgan, 2010)MACRO ECONNOMIC ANALYSIS OF BOTH ECONOMIESBALANCE OF TRADEIt refers to the contravention in the VALUE of imports and the VALUE of ex ports when a country trades (Stanlake and Grant, 1995).SAUDI ARABIASaudi Arabian economy describe a trade deficit of or so US$ 32638.2 MILLIONS in the year 2009 in spite of macrocosm the worlds largest producer and exporter of oil with more than 90% of exports being based on it. major(ip) imports of Saudi Arabia include equipment, machinery, food stuff and chemicals with its main trading partners being European Union, China and Japan (Source trading economics.com, indicators, international monetary fund)Analyzing the rationalize we see a stable balanced of trade from the year 2000 to 2006. It then gradually increases process 2009 and falls very rapidly in 2010.we also see rapid rise from the year 2005 to 2006 and from 2008 till 2010 (McGinley, 2010).UNITED ARAB EMIRATESThe exports of innate(p) gas and petroleum play an important role in the UAE export economy. It mainly imports chemical, machinery and equipment from its major trading partners India, Japan, China and European U nion (Menafn, 2009)(Source tradingeconomies.com, Ministry Of Economy) conflicting Saudi Arabia, the BOT of UAE shows a positive up(a)ly rationalise. It initiates steadily from the year 2001 to 2005 and rapidly reaches 211.3 billion 2007. It then falls to 170.85 billion in 2008 which is not in like manner discerning a reducing as it has swiftly gone up in the year 2009-2010.gross domestic product GROWTH RATEIt refers to the gross domesticated product that is gained by calculating the difference between the imports and the exports (Hobday, 1988).SAUDI ARABIAThe economy of Saudi Arabia expanded over 0.6% last year. The worth of Saudi Arabia GDP is 0.6% of the economic world or 369million dollars(Source tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian primeval Department)The tr contain shown for the GDP rate of Saudi Arabia is not stable. We see a sharp rise and a sharp fall from 2001 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2004 reaching up to 7.66% from 2004 we see a fluctuating GDP rate that falls to 0. 6% in the year 2010. This downward movement is not favorable for Saudi Arabia.UNITED ARAB EMIRATES unlike the, Saudi which expanded over the last year, UAE Economy experienced condensing of 2.10% last year. The UAE GPD is worth $ 261 billion and accounts for 0.42% of the total of the world economies.(Source tradingeconomies.com, Ministry Of Economy)The UAE analysis of GDP growth shows a high GDP of about 8% from the graduation exercise of 2001.UAE and Saudi Arabia has a similar inclination till 2004. But UAE shows a 12% rise in GDP rate from 2001, unlike Saudi Arabia which shows just 8% from 2001. Saudi Arabia GDP falls to 0.6% by the end of the year 2010 while UAE experienced negative rate of -2.1% (Time out Dubai, 2009) ostentationInflation refers to the general increase in the price levels over the power point of time (Stanlake and Grant, 1995).SAUDI ARABIAThe rising prices rate through the year 2010 was reported at 5.51%. It touched historical heights in 2008 with inflatio n of 11.08 %(Source tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department)The inflation rate of Saudi Arabia shows an upward trend. It is 0.31% in 2001 and continues to rise till 2009. The economy then faces a gradual decrease in the inflation rate and it falls to 3.5% near 2010, from 11.08% same year. By the end of 2010 and the head start of 2011 we see inflation again expected to rise to 5.51% (Tomlinson, 2010).UNITED ARAB EMIRATESThe average inflation rate of UAE is 6.27%. The historical highest inflation preserve for UAE had been 11.10 %(Source tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Economy)The inflation rate of UAE has grown steadily over the years. The trend shows no downward trend but it continues to grow from 2003 till 2008. Unlike Saudi Arabia high shows variation and steady growth of inflation, UAE economy has faced an upward trend for inflation for the past years.UMEMPLOYEMENTThe un job rate is defined as the number of people of the total bear on force who are unemployed or/and seeking for work (Turnovsky, 1977).SAUDI ARABIAAccording to the last report the un exercising rate in Saudi Arabia was 10.5% in Saudi Arabia. From 1999 till 2009 Saudi Arabias unemployment rate reached to the average of 10.5%. The historical height of Saudi Arabias unemployment rate was recorded at 12%.(Source tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department)The unemployment rate illustrated above shows an upward trend of rising unemployment in the Saudi economy which is definitely not a favorable indicator for the overall economy. We see the percentage of the labor force unemployed locomote from the year 2007 to 2009 sharply but it fails to keep it lower and rises again to 10.5% by the end of 2010.UNITED ARAB EMIRATESThe unemployment rate of UAE farthest exceeds of that of Saudi Arabia. It was calculated as 20.60 in 2004 which was the historical height achieved for the UAE economy according to arabian news (Tomlinson, 2010)(Source tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Ec onomy)For UAE economy the unemployment rate shows an upward trend but not as rapidly and sharp as for the Saudi Arabia. But the total percentage of the rate of unemployment in UAE is high than of Saudi Arabia which has a fluctuating trend for unemployment.INTEREST RATEIt refers to the price of acquire and lending (Hobday, 1988)SAUDI ARABIAThe decisions making authority regarding the interest rates lies with the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) (Cateora and Graham, 2007).(Source tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department)The interest rate trend shown above illustrates a downward initial trend and then a slight increasing graph followed by a sharper fall with a stable and constant rate from 2009 till 2010.UNITED ARAB EMIRATESThe UAE interest rate decision making authority lies with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (Ahmed, 2004)(Source tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Economy)The interest rate trend for the UAE economy and Saudi Arabian economy is very di fferent. Un like Saudi Arabia UAE faces many fluctuation through the years from 20007 till 2009.it starts at a higher rate, remain stable, falls and then rises quite sharply. It then experiences little fluctuations and rests at 1.80 with the starting of 2011.SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTSAUDI ARAB ECONOMYThe over analysis of past trends aim that the inflationary pressures might stay manageable and stable over the period of 2010-12 (John, 2010). This inflation allow for reflect the cut interest rate .A weakened interest rate lead compel people to spend more. hire for money leave rise as indicated by the monetarist view (Cateora and Graham, 2007). The increase supply of money will eventually increase the price levels as the quantity theory of money explains. There may be a fear of inflation which may exist then. Population growth will be generating some local price pressures. The economy is expected to grow by an average 3.7% in the upcoming year 2010-14. Resources reveal that th e Saudi economy is expected to be greatly supported by gigantic spending by the government thus absorbing a large proportion of the job market. A strong increase in enthronement projects by the government is also expected. There will be unspoiled domestic consumption of oil but weaker oil export payable to higher oil prices (Bloomberg, 2010). Due to stronger investment projects from the government the economy will face greater injections into it which will result in falling unemployment rate and rising income levels. This will leave a favorable and positive allude on the Saudi economy in the upcoming years. But sounding at the Saudi economy from the Keynes view/Classical theory of income and employment we see as the employment and income levels will rise due to injections in the economy, there will come a certain level, that aggregate demand will no weeklong bring any changes in the income and employment levels but prices will begin to rise which will indicate inflation in th e long run (Shihab, 1996).UNITED ARAB EMIRATESThe growth forecast for UAE is displace by the IMF to less than 1% (Tomlinson, 2010). UAE economy is expected to grow 2.9% following(a) year. The investment activity is expected to be weak as the emirate is stressful to redefine its economic objectives (Bloomberg, 2010). As the UAE economy will try to minify its rate of inflation unemployment is expected to rise as defined by the Phillips curve and his short theory of two devils that exist in the society. For the longer run, the monetarist view can also be taken into account when we will see UAE economy will try to reduce its rate of unemployment. The offered higher wages will ultimately be raising the cost of occupation in the long run and instantly growing inflation continuing the trend the economy showed for the pat years. This will result in falling income levels and higher rate of unemployment as the withdrawal and injection approach arouses (Menafn, 2009).Experts suggest that the above economies should try to reduce their rate if inflation especially in case of UAE. This may reduce the unemployment level and the levels of income will eventually arouse giving people higher living standards. As for Saudi Arabia sound suggests the government to precede with its investment projects and attract other investors from throughout the world. As the current account of Saudi Arabia has been greatly affected by the rising oil prices, Saudi government should concentrate on developing trade and other export product that may cover the current account deficit (John, 2010).

International Students Difficulties When Studying In The Uk Education Essay

world-wide Students Difficulties When Studying In The Uk Education screenThe growing number of transnational scholars pursuing exalteder(prenominal) education in the UK is change magnitude annu entirelyy. This inform takes a comprehensive lookings at the assorted issues worldwide scholarly soulfulnesss pose when they arrive to study in the UK as they draw to line up to a new environment. This get over aims at increasing aw argonness among future students as to what to expect during their course of study in the UK, as tumesce as among UK universities to further their down the stairsstanding for strange students and facilitate assistance.This report discusses the idea cause refining stupor, of the difficulties international students face when studying in the UK. It consequently progresses to discuss the problems that arises from finishing shock that students ar faced with student-teacher determination relationships employ pagan concepts like dynamical di stance to discuss the problem in comparison to the UK exploring problems arising from the differing roles and expectations foreign students encounter in the UK that can lead to on the spur of the moment(p) performance and a sense of being left al unmatchable. It also lays deed to other problem arising from the issue of accessibleization shock that students face assessment strategies, managing finances and magazine troubleThe report concludes that the increasing internationalization of higher education in the UK can only be successful if the issues international students struggle with in the UK are taken seriously and figure out a recommendation of adequate training for wholly the parties concerned.INTRODUCTIONIn a globalizing world, migration is on the rise and studying abroad is rapidly increasing. In the UK, cabbage form cross-border education has become a significant fount of income. any year, UK higher education offered to international students yields about 12.5 bi llion and concord to the orbiculate Student Mobility 2025 report, growth in the international education sector is furthest from reaching its limits (Qing, 2009).The consequence is a continuously increasing flow of foreign students entering the UK to pursue a degree in higher education. For many a nonher(prenominal) foreign students incuring a course of study is accompanied by the struggle of adapting to the new environment as they face an unfamiliar with(predicate) flori enculturation, intriguing studying expectation and a range of rules and regulations they have to convey about.This report addresses some of the issues foreign students struggle with when approach to the UK for their course of study. It aims at increasing apprisedness of potential sources of problems for international students, thereby facilitating foreign students to better modernise and UK universities to better to a lower placestand and help international students.The report will look into five incom patible aspects of international student life in the UK.The offset part deals with the issue of tillage shock that international students unremarkably weather finished the course of their study then the topic of funding is discussed as many foreign students have to arrive a side seam to support their stay in the UK the third part points out the difficulties arising from differing views concerning plagiarization next, the expectations regarding student-teacher relationships students of dissimilar origins are identified and the problems arising from the discrepancies are addressed in the last part, This paper is based on scrapary look from books, donnish journals, newspapers and the internet. collectible to a limited report frame, only a narrow berth on the topic of studying in the UK can be provided. The report therefore does not claim exhaustiveness just nevertheless establishes a valuable basis for information about issues, foreign students struggle with when coming to the UK.FINDINGS civilization ShockCulture for our exemplify purpose could be depict as a musical mode of life while shock could be described as an abnormal kingdom of being that burdens from a sudden unthought-of occurrence. Bearing in mind these basic explanations of the two terms, it can be suggested that the whole toneings one gets as a result of the difference that is run throughd betwixt the familiar finis that exists in ones country with the unfamiliar culture in another country that one temporarily moves to could in some agency describe the go of culture shock. The many attempts by psychologist to define this experience and identify the accompanying symptoms are of the general consensus that this concept is go through without expulsion in one form or another by all new members to a culture. A new member to a culture includes one who temporary moves from their country of origin or a cross theater where one culture exists into a new country or another area w here a new or different culture exist. The new member is referred to as a sojourner (Ward et all, p. 21). world-wide students in the UK who fundamentally come into the country to pursue a course of study are new members to the UK culture and like all other temporary residents in a country other than their country of origin are sojourners who experience culture shock.There have been many attempts by researchers to demonstrate the differences amongst cultures (Smart, 2010). Among them are Edward Hall monochromic vs. polychronic, Fon Trompenaars and Charles Hampden Turner universalism vs. particularism, but the most prevalent of these are the cultural dimensions proposed by Geer Hofstede for assessing culture individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. feminism, wee vs. large power distance, sapless vs. strong uncertainty escape, and long vs. short term orientation. The individualist culture will place more accent on individual attribute in contrast with the collectivist culture that dwells on a group mentality. The masculine culture reflects a mouthful for quantity of life in contrast with the feminist culture that reflects the timber of life. The cultures with low power distance have less regard for sacerdotal structure while those with high power distance thrive on it. The cultures with weak uncertainty avoidance tend to operate with flexible rules and ball up in more risk taking, while those with strong uncertainty avoidance tend to operate with rigid rules that allow for less risk taking. The UK culture, according to Hofstedes framework, is predominantly individualistic, highly masculine, small in power distance and weak in uncertainty avoidance. The majority of international students that come to the UK are from cultures in Asia, Africa and Europe with significantly different cultures from that of the UK thereby experiencing adverse culture.The process of culture shock occurs when the sojourner is suddenly faced with carrying out normally familiar tasks in an unfamiliar dash and is forced to adapt to an environment that is genuinely different from what the sojourner is used to. This new state of affairs is practically as a result of, amongst other factors, the prevalence of a new language, the ignorance of required reactions to emerging challenging scenarios and the inability to socialize adequately (Smart, 2010). This usually causes excitement, anxiety, confusion, frustration, isolation, loneliness, guilt mental picture and the like that triggers other associated reactions that Robert Kohl (1984) identifies as homesickness, withdrawal, boredom, irritability, chauvinism, stereotyping, restlessness/restfulness, gluttony/starvation, excessive drinking, social tension, forcesility and so on(in Smart, 2010). Eventually, the majority of sojourner slowly assimilate to a sane extent to allow them achieve their desired goal.This description of the process of culture shock has been analysed by psychologist as occurring in different ways. Gullahorn and Gullahorn (1963) have correct forward the most popular description of this process as occurring in a U curve that spans over six months whereby the sojourner reaction to the host culture deteriorates to the lowest ebb in the first three months and then appreciates in the following three months as the sojourner assimilates to the hosts culture (Smart, 2010). Milton Bennett (1986) presented a developmental model experienced by one placed in an unfamiliar environment. The model involves a gradual shift from a position of ethnocentrisms to one of ethnorelativism whereby the sojourner goes through six different submits, the first three stages fall under the former position while the last three stages come under the latter position. The first ethnocentric stage is the denial stage where the sojourner denies each facet of the host culture because it is alien to the culture the sojourner is familiar with. The second ethnocentric stage is the defence stag e where the sojourner being aware of the encroach of culture attempts to defend that culture which the sojourner is familiar with as absolute. The third ethnocentric stage is the minimisation stage where the sojourner recognises that differences, although viewed insignificantly, exist betwixt the cultures. The first ethnorelative stage is the acceptance stage where the sojourner realises that no culture is absolute but apparently a variant, no values is a right simply a norms and differences are accepted. The second etnorelative stage is the adaptation stage where the sojourner adapts the host culture to compliments the sojourners culture. The third ethnorelative stage is the integration stage where the sojourner integrates the different cultural experiences to create a multicultural identity (Smart, 2010).There has been extensive research into those attributes that help to mitigate the adverse effects of culture shock experienced by sojourners. Among the findings include a willi ngness to communicate, a less rigid prelude to cultural differences, a diversified position, an all embracing interaction course and accommodating outlook (Smart, 2010). By adopting these actions the sojourner is equipped with a newly emerged multi-cultural payoff that will boost the sojourners confidence in whatever endeavour that is undertaken.Consequently, International students in the UK as sojourners experiencing culture shock similarly on these levels are able to adopt these broad enterprises the to cope with the different academic culture that studying in the UK presents them with role relationships, assessment strategies, measure orientation, managing finances, modes of persuasion honest issues and the like.Role RelationshipThe student-teacher relationship greatly differs among countries. The adjustment to Western standards represents a challenge for many foreign students coming to the UK for their higher education. The discrepancies concerning the teacher and student role as well as expectations deriving from these roles are oddly evident among students originating from collectivist countries and countries with a high power distance (Qing, 2009), such as China, India or Pakistan.The UK lecturers obtain their role as facilitating students to ingest by themselves rather than teaching them exactly what they need to know (Bailey, 2005). This very unvoiced way of teaching, where no direct instructions are empowern as to reading specific books or articles, leaves much room for creativity and independence on the part of the student. The lecturers therefore expect their students to translate independence and initiative (Edwards and Ran, 2006, p.6) by developing their individual way of approaching assignments and exams and engaging in research where they, on their own, have to identify relevant sources, set limitations and conclude on the extent of their work.Furthermore, lecturers consider themselves collegial contact persons that students can blabber to on a common level. They encourage students to speak up during castes and acceptable discussions and challenging questions. They do not consider themselves as the only logical source of information and learning but believe that every student can contribute knowledge beneficial to the whole class. The emphasis on being on an equal level becomes especially obvious as UK lecturers encourage their students to address them by their first name. Although being on the said(prenominal) level, UK teachers do not think of themselves as being friends with their students. There usually is a firm separation between the lecturers professional and private life. They take student interaction during class as well as their positive office hours but expect students to respect their free leisure judgment of conviction. Topics respectively discussed with the lecturer usually concern relevant issues to the course of study, not private problems.The dynamics of a class room in a high pow er distance country is very different. The lecturer is the only person talking while all students actively participate by listening. A student will only talk if he/she is directly asked to do so by the teacher. It would be considered disrespectful to question the lecturer as this might cause a loss of face. The teacher is the only source of knowledge and presents the content of the courses text books, which the students, in turn, are expected to learn by heart (Edwards and Ran, 2006). Instructions, as to what students are supposed to read and learn are therefore very clear and direct.Although the student-teacher relationship during the lecture is very distant, outside of class it can well become much closer. In China, for example, the lecturer not only has a teaching role but goes as far as adopting a form of parental and head role (Bailey, 2005). Students may seek advice not solely in academic situations but also when confronted with private and personal problems. It is not uncomm on for lecturers to see students at their private house and regularly talk to them over the phone.The differences between the teaching styles and expectations lead to a variety of problems. Due to the shift of certificate of indebtedness (Qing, 2009, p.43), foreign students in the UK from these cultures are often confused as to what they are expected to do. The lack of explicit instructions leaves them overstrained with possibilities and uncertain about where to start and how to proceed. Their perceived lack of direction often leads to poor performance. Also, since they are not used to posing direct questions to lecturers or authors, they often lack precise and analytical skills (Bailey, 2005, p.10) or feel uncomfortable expressing their critique as in their country this would be considered disrespectful. They therefore prefer to remain quiet during the class and are not at ease with critical reports. Again, this might be negatively reflected in their grades.In addition, many fore ign students coming to the UK feel left alone by their lecturers. They expect their teachers to support and advise them and make time for them whenever they are in need for help. As they often do not want to interrupt the lecture they prefer to ask their questions by and by the class is concluded. By then, the UK lecturer often already is on his/her way to the next appointment and as they only offer private conversations through appointments. As a result, foreign students tend to perceive UK teachers as unthinking and too busy (Edwards and Ran, 2006).Lastly, considering the problems posed by this newly experienced student-teacher role relationship to many international students arriving into the UK, it is very important for the lecturers to recognize their challenges, place understanding and maybe even offer additional assistance. However, the main effort, though, has to be made by the foreign students themselves. They have to learn how to adapt and show initiative and drive. As a result their experience in westbound higher education will help them to become more main(a) and will lead to personal growth.Assessment StrategiesAssessment strategies is concerned with the different way a student competence to obtain a UK capacity is judged. These range from not just written exams but also coursework, project, presentations, area studies, field research, reports, and so on. The students ability to work with other is also often assessed giving rise to a lot of group assessments. There is a lot of emphasis on creative uses of source materials that is accompanied with the respectable issues of due acknowledgement of any source material used because ill fortune to abide to these practices results in plagiarism. The international student coming from culture that have less varied assessment strategies usually experience difficulties adjusting to this new state of affairs until they learn to adopt the UK assessment culture.Organising FinancesThe cost of obtaining a UK educational qualification through studying in the UK is relatively high. The associated sustenance cost is also relatively high and as a result the international student is allowed to take up part time employment spanning no more than 20 hrs a week during term time while the re hard-and-fastion is relaxed during the holidays. The ability to study work part time and meet other financial obligations like study materials, living spending leisure and holiday that emerge is what organising finances is concerned with and it also creates knockout challenges for the international student studying in the UK when encounters a culture that is different form what the student is familiar with.Time ManagementTime management has to do with the way the international student in the UK is able to find an adequate balance between academic study life and all other extracurricular activities the international student decides to get involved with. The strict adherence to time orientation that is prevalent in the UK is also present in academic practice and this tends to affect the international student if this time orientation is not a feature of the students culture.CONCLUTION AND RECCOMENDATIONThis report has attempted to soon point out some aspects contributing to the difficulties the international students from other cultures face in adapting to their study environment in the UK. The issue of culture shock that pervades through the findings sets the framework used to explain how and why international students coming to the UK from other cultures are affected and then explores those other areas of studying in the UK that students face the most difficulties. These other areas include student-teacher relationships especially in high-power distance countries as compared to the UK paying attention to problems arising from the differing roles expectations and difficulties posed as a result of assessment strategies, managing finances and time orientation.As internationalisatio n in UK universities increases, it is asserted that the importance of solving problems foreign students face becomes more pressing. International students planning to study in the UK need to become more aware of the possible challenges and prepare themselves better. Also, UK universities need to show better understanding for, and give more encouragement and assistance to international students.Consequently it is recommended that adequate anterior training is required for both the students and the universities to minimise the effect of culture shock. Unfortunately, the way and manner this will be carried out is not within the background knowledge of this report.

The Case Against Direct Changeover Information Technology Essay

The Case Against look at Changeover discipline Technology EssayThe purpose of this report is to complete the necessarys and slaying correspond to the CAVIES and vole case study. Evaluate if any objectives exact changed or should defecate changed. Comments should address the undermenti champion and only(a)d final inst entirely t obsoleteation visualise.This report is about the CAVIES and VOLE final induction and patronize. This has been in place for .. months and this report keeps the evaluation of the instrumentation.1.2 compassAnalyze if proper limits were established in the feasibility study and if they were keep during implementation. Comments should address the adjacentThe vexation goals and objectives for this job departing focus on implementing the formation.Enhances the ability and effectiveness of lag to perform their jobs.Facilitates coordinated crime barroom and reduction.Provides entropy security.Provides an open, flexible, reliable technology base for the future.Facilitates the electronic capture of data at its source.Is easy to office.Eliminate redundant data entry end-to-end the organization.Ensure that end exploiters have input into the come out process.Accomplish offer championship goals and objectives at heart defined budget and meter parameters.Minimize encounter to standard business operations within the affected units.Craft a favourable and serious relationship among the Department and the desti posit vendor.Facilitates supporter Desk abet arrangement.2. Installation2.1 Deployment PlanPilot Changeover Implement the b ar-assed governing body at a selected location of the company, such as addd peer slight first office. The first conclave to usance the smart ashes is called the pilot come in. The old scheme is still data track at the pilot site and for the rest of the organization. After the outline proves successful at the pilot site, it is use into the rest of the organization, usuall y using the send novelty method. Pilot variety is a semi parallel and direct changeover method. operational twain systems at only iodin site is not as expensive. This scheme builds the confidence and the errors atomic number 18 traced easily.Pilot implementation where the new system leave behinding be implemented branch by branch, if there is an failure in the new system it allow be in star branch only. The problem solved in any branch will not appear in the other(a)s.We recommend a pilot deployment. That is a deployment to a select group, probably power exploiters or those in a event department or division. Successful run intos avoid a big gush approach which attempts to roll out the system to a large sense of hearing in a single deployment. This is asking for trouble. Instead start dainty using a pilot and obtain feedback.Pilot implementationimplementation_pilotWith this strategy, the new system replaces the old one in one operation nevertheless only on a sma ll scale. For example it might be tried out in one branch of the company or in one location. If successful then the pilot is extended until it finally replaces the old system completely.Pilot operation is combination of two direct cutover and parallel operation, which restricts the implementation to a pilot site and reduces risk of system failure as compargond with a direct cutover method. Operating system only at pilot site is less expensive than parallel operation.Creating a Pilot ProgramNeed to create a tryout mutation of custom package, lay out it on a few lab data processors, test and respect the performance, then update your package with any changes that we want to make. It is commodity practice to prep ar a test plan and stop consonantlists for lab tests, and then use the test checklists to record satisfactory completion of tasks and note all problems with the process. Also, prep ar a checklist to test each deployment and distri exactlyion strategy.Identify and sel ect pilot groups and prep atomic number 18 them for pilot design. Run a pilot program for each unique environment or group. Locate groups that are vocalization of the substance ab exploiters throughout organization. To maximize the success, make sure volunteers have tolerable time in their memorandums to fully participate in pilot program.The following are procedures that after part use to run a pilot program.To prepare a pilot program for deploymentIdentify the tasks and resources necessary to conduct the pilot program. out front deploy the new system to the organization, use lab clients to test and complicate deployment strategies and configurations. To plan the pilot programSelect the trance pilot groups. roll the resources and tasks guideed for the pilot program.Develop a user- tick offing plan.Develop a user-support plan. escaped to retard lag by letting them learn new skills on the pilot system.Easy to evaluate because the new and old systems are both running.Some lag have time to get utilize to and aim fully trained in the new system before changeover precisely bells are spread (benefits of parallel running but costs are spread).When spread to other parts of the company, trained staff skunk act as mentors and so staff screw train on a rota basis.Determine the ability of computer operations to schedule according to user needs and to complete scheduled tasks. Comments should address the followingAny problems in accomplishing the workThe frequency and extent of the problemsSuggested changesThe effort mandatory to make changesVolume of data processed (number of transactions)Number of errors make absolute frequency of problems with the interfaceSuggested changesEffort required to make the changesIdentifying compatibility, conversion and migration strategies To top of scalawagIf the system will replace an existing system, compatibility, conversion, and migration matters essential be addressed. specificallyData from an existing system ess ential be carried forward (and perchance converted in format) for the new system.Existing user interfaces (screen formats, commands, etc) must be supported in the new system.All existing action schedule interfaces (APIs) must be maintained.Migration from the existing system to the new one must not disrupt end user service for more than a pre-determined amount of time (varies depending on the business).The new system must be capable of operating in parallel with the old system during the migration period.thither must be a capability to fall back to the old system, if involve, during the first two weeks of operation.Old archive data whitethorn need to be processed on the new system. If it is cryptographically protected, then the encoding keys will need special consideration when migrating.The strategies chosen to address these issue will require appropriate support in the architecture and design of the systemDetermining user didactics needs To top of varletFor each category of u ser, including administration, operators, and end users, identifyWhat types of IT systems they use at the present. If this system will bring the first use of IT to any users, either within or external to the organization, flag this as a special requirement that will merit special attention.What new functions will be brought to them by this system.In broad terms, what their learning needs will be.What requirements exist for case Language Support (NLS)Stage / milestonePlanned date(s)Actual date(s) effectuation phase9 Oct 2010 16 May 20119 Oct 2010 (on-going and on-schedule)Preliminary innovation and support planBy Week 5 (in February 2011)18 violate 2011 Final installation and support planBy Week 13 (20 May 2011)20 May 2011 Installation23 May 2011 31 Dec 2011Support phaseMust start as soon as any part of CAVIES and VOLE is live2.2 The Case Against coach ChangeoverThe new system is first of all piloted (trialled) in one part of the business / organisation (e.g. in just one o ffice, or in just one department).Once the pilot system is running successfully, the new system is introduced to the all of the business / organisation.stacks_image_DD1DE2A0-86E7-481C-9D4B-F5B766B39D27The pilot changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of a company. Direct cutover method and operating both systems for only the pilot site. The group that uses the new system first is called the pilot site. By restricting the implementation to a pilot site reduces the risk of system failure as compared with is less expensive than a parallel system.2.3 Data MigrationSystem will migrate data that is determined to be necessary for the future business process and manage the effort associated with any manual data sweep up identified.Data mutation PlanTransformationCalendar planExtraction LoadingThree- measuring rod Data Conversions1. Test a conversion standard of existing data2. Initial data conversion3. Final conversion of data before going liveOnce the decision is made to perform data migration before migration potful begin the following analyses must be performedAnalyze and define source structure (structure of data in the legacy system)Analyze and define gull structure (structure of data in the new system)Perform field mapping (mapping between the source and target structure with data cleansing, if necessary)Define the migration process (automated vs. manual)MigrationAs part of the installation comes a great deal the issue of migrationReplacing an older system with a new one, with or without constraints of continuity of operation.Converting existing data to a new format. staffDescriptionAppointments-moduleBooks appointments for clients to see a veterinary surgeon/nurse with one or more of their pets (i.e. foundation loudness multiple appointments) in CAVIESRecords-moduleEnters inside reading for individual pets belonging to clients, giving information on state of wellness, prescription(s), progress, follow da tes, etc. in CAVIESTreatments-moduleBooks treatments for pets with a veterinary surgeon/nurse (can book multiple treatments) in CAVIESSales-moduleStandard EPOS functions linked to the practice tills, with bloodline control and reporting functions available to the local practice theatre director on a PC through VOLEOrders-moduleGenerates orders for replenishment of supplies (VPOM drugs must be approved by a veterinary surgeon)2.4 preparedness fostering courses whitethorn be conducted at the head office Southgate. Courses are customized to needs and whitethorn include topics ranging from an introduction to advanced topics such as advanced software product system development, tuning application to improve performance, and using the new system effectively. educational activity whitethorn include tutorials and hands-on practical experience.The timeliness of the preparedness providedmethod acting of teach (Ex Formal classroom session, Informal seminar discussion, Computer aided t raining, substance abuser manuals)The adequacy of the trainingThe appropriateness of the trainingIdentification of additional training needs by job categoryThe ability of the personnel to use the training providedTypes of knowledgeAPPLICATION STAFF TRAINING Types of training for application staff may include System Overview Transition to New System prep, including How to Use the System New Procedures Itemized by Task, (tasks will differ for employment Management Staff, Application Line Staff, Application Administrative Staff) Refresher cooking (summary version of Transition to New System formulation) New Worker Training (may be the same as Transition to New System Training or Refresher Training) exploiter Interface training, (e.g., Microsofts Windows) internet navigation, (e.g., LAN and wide range network concepts, where data can be found, printing over the network, network support contact)OPERATION STAFF TRAININGTypes of training for operations staff, (e.g., LAN Administra tor, encourage Desk Staff, and Network and Systems Management), may includeLAN Administrator active Training on the Product Installed Network Operating System Upper-Layer Protocols scheduled priming processing, (e.g., error handling) Security, (e.g., how to establish user accounts) Back-up and Reco precise Procedures Physical Media handling, (e.g., tape handling)Help Desk Staff Hands-on Training on the Product Installed Network Operating System Upper, Middle, and lower berth Protocol Layers Network Components, (e.g., bridges, passagers, and hubs)Network and Systems Management Hands-on Training on the Product Installed Network Operating System Upper, Middle, and Lower Protocol Layers Network Components, (e.g., bridges, routers, and hubs) Network Performance and Problem Diagnosis Tools practiced STAFF TRAININGDepending on the system architecture and the role of the client programming staff, the types of training for practiced staff, (e.g., Application Programmers, Information T echnology Manager, Database Administrator), may includeApplication Programmers Principles of Client/Server Application schooling/ alimony (for the specific environment), including Graphical exploiter Interface (GUI) Design Event-Driven Programming Object-Oriented Concepts Object-Oriented outline and Design Object-Oriented Programming New Programming Languages, (e.g., C++) Application Development Tools, (e.g., CASE, Powersofts PowerBuilder, Microsofts Visual C++, Microsofts Visual Basic) Database Training, (e.g., SQL, Microsoft or Sybase SQL Server, Oracle) Team Building Network OverviewInformation Technology Manager Application Programmer Training Courses Managing a Client/Server EnvironmentDatabase Administrator Principles of Client/Server Database Training (e.g., SQL, Microsoft or Sybase SQL Server, Oracle) Multiplatform Environments Data Modeling Performance MonitoringPossible Training MethodsInstructor-Led TrainingInstructor-led training includes classroom training (group ins truction), train-the-trainers (group instruction),on-line group training (group instruction), movieconferencing, (group instruction that is instructor-led, but for many participants the instructor is in another location),video/on-line training (group instruction), on-the-job coaching (individual instruction).Self-Directed Training autonomous training includeson-line self-directed training (individual instruction),off-line self-directed training, such as the use of printed materials, audio cassettes, or video (individual instruction).Just-in-Time TrainingJust-in-time training includesElectronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS) (individual instruction),continuous improvement instruction (individual or team instruction),computer-mediated asynchronous collaboration (group instruction from an individual perspective).2.5 DocumentationA number of chronicles are produced during the development of a new computer application.fundamentally there are two typesUser GuidesUser admits are wri te in plain English rather than proficient language.The guide should cover how to run the system, how to enter data, how to modify data and how to save and print reports.The guide should include a list of error messages and advice on what to do if something goes wrong. technical Documentation adept documentation is utilise to explain a system to a specialist i.e. an analyst/programmer.This document will be used if any changes have to be made to the system.It is a very authorised document which needs to be fully up-to-date.Excellent documentation will reduce your support costs. Every answer that someone finds in the user guide or the jock system means one less call or email to your support line. The support team can concentrate on finding answers to real problems, rather than explaining to a node how to fracture an appliance on, or how to install a computer program.User ManualsThese are the easiest to read and use, and are designed for the non-technical reader who wants to star t with how to flip-flop it on and use it. It may even show where the On switch is. (Dont laugh people ask)When designed for software packages, these guides are designed to provide the user all the information they need to use the software to perform a range of tasks. A well designed user guide canreduce support calls abet new staff perform daily taskshelp experienced staff perform remarkable tasksstandardise work practises.Technical ManualsThese are for the more technical readers, often at graduate direct, and may cover the complete setup of a software system, for example.Support ManualsThese are for Help Desk staff, who need to know how the general system should be set up, and including total support information. This normally includes Technical and User Manual nitty-gritty.Training ManualsThese can be written for your training staff, and provide you with material for training other users of equipment or systems or they may just complement your own Customer Training process.W orking one-to-one with clients allows close cooperation, so when you need alternatives, we design accordingly.Reference Manuals (Programmer Bibles)These are typically comprehensive manuals which the user can use to check for information when required. They are fully indexed and cross-referenced.If your product is so complicated that a third-party specialist takes sustentation of the maintenance on your behalf, then this type of manual is ideal. For portability and ease of use, these typically large manuals can overly be generated in pdf format so they can be accessed on-line (via an intranet, on-line help or meshwork site), or from a CD.Standards and ProceduresAs your company grows, you will need to document your standards and procedures. They bring together the knowledge within your company, help new staff learn company procedures, and help ensure everyone is working to the same standards. Basically, they are an ideal way to underpin your intragroup quality systems.Specificatio nsTechnical staff, dapple utmostly-skilled and very knowledgeable, frequently have problems putting their thoughts down on paper.We can make sense of the technical jargon and scribbled notes (including beer mats) to produce your specifications.Release NotesThese documents are primarily used by software houses and are aimed at internal staff and expert-end users. They describe new and advanced functionality at a high level in new software releases.Operating Instructions idealistic for anyone operating specialist equipment, in the home or commercial premises. overhear instructions, supported by illustrations (and photographs where appropriate), with trouble shooting tips. These instructions can be particularly useful for newly trained staff. Good operating instructions can enhance your product and your companys reputation.Assembly InstructionsIf you supply a flat-packed product, these are vital for your customers. They take the customer through the task in small stages in a visual format. They also include a check list of components.OverviewsOverviews are designed to support your sales literature and outflow an in-depth view of your product. They enable your clients, both new and established, to make informed decisions in conjunction with input from your staff.Skills BooksYour company probably has at least one member of staff that all the others go to for knowledge and advice about one particular aspect of your business operations, products or services. A serial of skills books can capture this invaluable knowledge so that it can be shared out by everyone while reducing the pressures on your expert staff. These books can also be used to drive internal training sessions.Test Scripts anterior to going live with a new computer system, it is always well(predicate) to run your own tests on a test system. It is not enough to simply enter a few sales orders. A series of carefully designed test scripts will ensure your staff puts the system through its paces, hi ghlighting possible problems before the go-live date.Multimedia SystemsThese interactive solutions commix text, graphics and maybe even sound for presentations, demonstrations and tutorials.Document Redesign (Cosmetic Surgery) maybe you have all the right documentation but it is old forge and looking dated. Maybe it doesnt completely cover everything. Maybe you just need to change the delivery format, for example, convert your paper documentation to on-line help. We can analyse your existing documentation to help you achieve the look, feel and content you need.2.6 Business Change come outsAs we can determine from above information that pilot approach is the best approach where we can see the combination of less risks as well as less implementation cost because. in that location are many health centers so we can implement the new system only at any one of the health centers to check whether it is working appropriately or not. And this method is also cheaper than all other methods except direct cut over where there are chances of risks here in this method risk of system failure is very less.Workshops close down for half a working day but it will take two full working days to install and configure CAVIES and VOLE system in live working environment. There should be little disruption as possible to normal business operation. The full business benefit will be achieved when all workshops are live on CAVIES and VOLE.Giving most priority to CAVIES and VOLE and train the staffs for the new system will cause the business slightly. And until the staff used to the new system there may be possible to have technical errors. STITCH (SMARTS Training Information Technology Communications Harmonisation) intends to evaluate the overall electrical shock on business, social and technical issues for future attention.Issue ManagementThe information contained within the chore Plan will potential change as the project progresses. While change is both authorized and required, it is important to note that any changes to the project Plan will impact at least one of three critical success factors visible(prenominal) Time, Available Resources (Financial, Personnel), or hold Quality. The decision by which to make modifications to the Project Plan (including project scope and resources) should be coordinated using the following processStep 1 As soon as a change which impacts project scope, schedule, staffing or spending is identified, the Project Manager will document the issue.Step 2 The Project Manager will recap the change and determine the associated impact to the project and will forward the issue, on with a recommendation, to the steer delegation for review and decision.Step 3 Upon receipt, the command perpetration should go across a consensus opinion on whether to approve, reject or modify the request based upon the information contained within the project website, the Project Managers recommendation and their own judgment. Should the point Commi ttee be unable to reach consensus on the approval or denial of a change, the issue will be forwarded to the Project Sponsor, with a written summation of the issue, for ultimate resolution.Step 4 If required under the decision matrix or receivable to a lack of consensus, the Project Sponsor shall review the issue(s) and render a final decision on the approval or denial of a change.Step 5 Following an approval or denial (by the Steering Committee or Project Sponsor), the Project Manager will announce the original requestor of the action taken. There is no appeal process.2.7 Installation ScheduleThis section should outline the way you will roll out the technology, including the highest level milestones.GANTT CHART3. Support3.1 Support NeedsRABBIT Steering Committee rolePositionNameJoint ExecutiveJoint owner/Managing managerNeil NimbusJoint ExecutiveJoint Owner/Managing DirectorSimon Wheatley major(postnominal) userPractice ManagerVerity GreenSenior userFinancial ControllerHadi Esfa haniSenior userISS Managergenus Vanessa PhillipsCAVIES and VOLE Project ManagerISS Project ManagerF S HaroonMICE Project ManagerISS Project ManagerFergus SheridanSupport military services OfferedWe provide the following telephone, remote-access and onsite support for New System, hardware, network and Microsoft productsPhone and Remote vexOn-site SupportSoftware ImplementationUpgrade Installationcomputer hardware/SoftwareData Import/ExportBusiness practices consultingTraining-on site ATC classroomForms/Report Design3.2 ISS Help DeskThe Support Plan is what we call the documentation service we offer to CAVIES and VOLE users to ensure that you have all the help you need to get the most out of the software. Here are the benefits. measureless telephone set, Email and Online Help Desk SupportUnlimited telephone support from our technical staff, priority treatment for any email support and free use of our Online Helpdesk SystemFREE Version Upgrades*We usually release a major recruit to every couple of years or so. Customers on the Support Plan receive a completely FREE upgrade to the latest version (otherwise an upgrade fee has to be paid).Online Backup wait onSupport Plan customers have the option of an Online Backup account. We will help to configure an automatic backup schedule for you so that Database is uploaded to a secure server every night, giving extra peace of mind.Discounts on other Support ServicesSupport Plan customers receive massive discounts on our other services such as Report Designing, Data Conversion and On-Site Installation Training.Wishlist ImplementationTo continually improve the software, we operate a wishlist system so that users can make requests for new features or changes. Requests from customers on the Support Plan are given priority so that you can have an active role in the ongoing development of software.User Support and customer service on company supported computer application and platforms. Troubleshoot problems and advise on the appropriate action. Main Job and Responsibilities.Telephone SupportRemote SupportOn-site SupportRoles and ResponsibilitiesRespond to requests for technical assistance in person, via phone, electronicallyDiagnose and resolve technical hardware and software issues.Research questions using available information resourcesAdvise user on appropriate actFollow Standard help desk procedures pound all help desk interactionsAdminister help desk softwareRedirect problems to appropriate resourceIdentify and escalate situations requiring urgent attentionTrack and route problems and requests and document resolutionsPrepare activity reportsStay current with system information, changes and updatesProject Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoleResponsibilitiesProject SponsorUltimate decision-maker and tie-breakerProvide project lapse and guidanceReview/approve some project elementsSteering CommitteeCommits department resourcesApproves major musical accompaniment and resource allocation strategies, a nd significant changes to funding/resource allocationResolves conflicts and issuesProvides direction to the Project ManagerReview project deliverablesProject ManagerManages project in accordance to the project planServes as liaison to the Steering CommitteeReceive guidance from Steering CommitteeSupervises consultantsSupervise vendor(s)Provide overall project directionDirect/lead team members toward project objectivesHandle problem resolutionManages the project budgetProject ParticipantsUnderstand the user needs and business processes of their areaAct as consumer advocate in representing their areaCommunicate project goals, status and progress throughout the project to personnel in their areaReview and approve project deliverablesCreates or helps create work productsCoordinates date of work groups, individuals and stakeholdersProvide knowledge and recommendationsHelps identify and remove project barriers promise quality of products that will meet the project goals and objectivesIde ntify risks and issues and help in resolutionsSubject Matter ExpertsLend expertise and guidance as neededHelp Desk will be located in Southgate, Head potency and it will staffed as follows2 project managers (F S Haroon, and the MICE project manager Fergus Sheridan)3 system/database administrators2 business analysts4 Oracle developersThe ISS Service Desk is the place to go with any queries about ISS services. Service Desk is open weekdays between 0900 17003.3 Outsourcing the Help DeskHelp Desk StaffPositionNameSenior userPract

Strategic Performance Management Of British Petroleum Management Essay

strategicalal Performance commission Of British rock anoint Management EssayThis study explores the crude giant, British Petroleum also known as BP within the ball(a)-shaped embrocate sector and also it up break shine activities. Some distinguish external factors arouse been investigated which includes PESTEL, donkeywork, Competition compendium, Five forces model (Michael Porters). This study has formulated SMART objectives laterward putting the above factors into consideration and this has conduct to the creation of Strategic Plan, beat and Implementation of the formulated SMART objectives.1.2 troupe backgroundThe alliance British petroleum also known as BP was incorporated in 1909 thus as Anglo Persian fossil c over Company with military headquarters in capital of the United Kingdom, run in both upstream (petroleum exploration) and downstream ( crude oil refining, sales and foodstuffing) of the world oil sector, BP is one of the largest oil smart set in the world. The ac caller, BP has more than 21,400 service station worldwide and its sh ars is quoted on New York, London, Toronto, Paris, Tokyo, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Zurich stock ex trades.The score of BP allow non be complete without making mention of the activities of Williams Knox DArcy, in the yr 1901 he was granted concession by Grand vizier (Shah) in todays Iran and as a result of inadequate fund he entered into an treaty with the British government which involved investing the sum of 2 million that led to the transfer of major shares to the government at the later end. In the mid-nineties British Petroleum acquired Amoco, Arco and Burmah-Castrol. BP has several retail dents which include Arco in US, BP connect, BP motivity centres, BP Express etc. BP is ranked as one of the top trio oil giants in the world with rung saturation of more than 97,600. Recently, the betray BP has been undergoing serious scrutiny and criticism as a result of it bygone and recent a ctivities which include Texas refinery ebullition in 2005, dumping of toxic moulder in some African countries, Prudhoe Bay oil spillage and the recent disconnectedness of Mexico oil spillage.This study will tenseness on the brand BP and how to manage brand name damaging crisis.2 External Analysis2.1 PESTEL factorsTable 1 PEST2.1 Political/LegalUK government s/ support for BPUK government support during the gulf of Mexico oil spillage crisisBP activities in the Gulf of Mexico has been banned but the UK government has given the company plow ahead to continue on with the search for oil and gas in the dusky waters off the coast of Britain.2.2 EconomicThe global recession has resulted into lessening in Profit of BP from the previous year.Replacement cost of return for year 2009 was $14 trillion with a return on average expectant employed of 11%Gained new re kickoff access in Iraq, Jordan, Egypt, Indonesia and offshore US.30% increase in lubricants income generated from core grocery, and market extension to India, China, Russia and Brazil. pixilated presence in China with upgraded Zhuhai 2 plant.Reported occupation change magnitude by 4% and unit and production costs reduced by 12%Refining availability for the year was 93% up approximately 5% in 2008Investment of $20 cardinal in task expansionIn Trinidad and Tobago BP recorded launch-to-production time of 18 month with Saronette insureDiscovery of Tiber in the gulf of Mexico2.3 Socio-CulturalEncouraging health and fitness unveiling of work environment where diversity and inclusion are revalued.Strengthening employee escortCreation of modernized farming initiative in Argentinaincrease employee moralThe number of employees fell from 92,000 in 2008 to 80,300 in 2009 as a result of the transfer of BP US convenience retail site to a franchise model.2.4 Technological alter operating management system (OMS)all(a) refineries and petrochemical plants are operating on OMSInvestment in key technology eq uivalent wind, bio-fuels, solar, hydrogen power and carbon capture and storageImproved form of transportation of products.3. SWOT AnalysisTable 2 SWOT Analysis4.1 Strengths ardent brand name with the slogan beyond petroleum.Strong market position in both downstream and upstream of the global oil sector.BP (Castrol) Sponsor of the FIFA 2010 world cup.In 2009 BP and scrap American life force in Argentina offered 63 young people scholarships with emphasis on engineering.In 2009 the company had a 12.0% market share of the world lubricant oil which put them at 2nd largest market share by and by ExxonMobil.Ranked among the top three oil in the world investment company quoted on London stock exchangeThird quarter 2010 profit of $1.8 one thousand millionOperates through retail brands and subsidiaries (Amoco ARCO BP Express, BP Connect BP Travel Centre ampm Burmah Castrol etc)BP sign(a) a technical service contract with the Iraqi government in November 2009 to develop the Rumaila oilfie ld4.2 WeaknessesMoney macrocosm lost to clean up of gulf of MexicoUnstable oil price due to the recent recessionBP Texas refinery explosion in 2005Toxic spillage of methanol in Prudhoe Bay in 2006Total closure of Alaska wells2010 third quarter lossOil spillage in the gulf of MexicoA law suit been instituted by the American governmentSecond quarter loss of $ 17 billionCall to shelve the use of all BP product in US during the gulf of Mexico crisisThe recent removal of Tony Harward as the chief operating officer of the company and being replaced by a US citizen4.3 OpportunitiesGovernment of UK endorsementsDiscovery of significant deep gas in Egypts West Nile DeltaAward exploration block in IndonesiaInvestment in Egypt and LibyaIncrease brand awarenessIncrease market shareCompletely new product launch ultimate 1.5 mixture customers by continuous product development and awarenessCompletely rebranding of company image as a result of the recent spillage in USExpansion into African countr iesContinuous research and development dodging e.g. $8 billion investment in research of alternative source of energy to oil including solar, wind, natural gas and hydrogen etc. ductile pricing to enhance healthy competition with sector rivals4.4 ThreatsThreat of substitution due to high pricesDrop in BP share price as a result of Gulf of Mexico oil spillageSuspension of production in Rhum gas fieldSales of upstream interests in Pakistan to unify Energy Group LimitedAgreement to sell interests in Pan American Energy to Bridals CorpoarationPipelines corrosionsGlobal economic recessionRefineries and rig explosions possibility of tax increment in countries wherein BP curbEconomical/political change in countries in which BP operates.Legal action against company by US governmentOil price being determine by market forces supplant rates could affect companies profitabilityRemodification of oil products to reduce contaminationNew technology to substitute the usage of oilHigh focus on g reen fuelGovernment policy in countries where BP operates regarding their oil sector e.g. penalty for oil spillageTermination of lease allotment between Bp and foreign governmentsCompetition from Mobil, Chevron and type.3. External Analysis- Competitor take stockAs British Petroleum (BP) is situated in many antithetical global markets the following competitor audit will focus on BPs main competitors in the global oil industry.Competitors3.1.1 ExxonMobilExxonMobil is the foremost in overt traded petroleum and petro-chemical venture in the globe, it operations encompasses almost all countries of the world, it has incompatible brand names such as Exxon, Mobil and Esso, it is an establishment that is built on a concept of global business which allow it to compete favourable, efficiently and effectively in the world of energy industry. Both Exxon and Mobil have been in existence for more than a century, but ExxonMobil came into being as a result of merger between Exxon and Mobil on 30 November 1999 to form Exxon Mobil Corporation. It headquarters is located in Irving, Texas, United present with market capitalisation of $323.717 million, tax revenue of $301.5 billion and assets value of $233.323 billion as at 2009. The CEO of the company is Rex W. Tillerson with staff strength of 90,800, the company is quoted on New York Stock Exchange it has thirty heptad refineries and operate in most countries of the world.3.1.1 Royal Dutch ShellShell is an energy giant and one of the worlds largest independent oil company with staff strength of around 101,000 and it headquarters is located in The Hague, the Netherlands. The parent company is Royal Dutch Shell Plc and it is incorporated in England and Wales with Peter Voser as the CEO. The company account for 2% of world oil and 3% of gas, it has 44,000 service stations globally and thirty five refineries. Shell operates in both upstream and downstream sector of the world oil industry. As December 2009, its revenue st ood at $278.2billion and capital investment of $31.7 billion with market capitalisation of $186.618 million and assets worth of $292.181 billion, the company is quoted on London stock exchange.3.2.1 ChevronChevron is one of the leading energy companies in the world. It activities encompasses crude and natural gas and the company operates in both upstream and downstream sector of the oil industry which includes manufacturing, marketing and transportation, exploration and production, sales and manufacturing of chemicals, power generation and geothermal energy. The organisation Chevron came into being after the merger between Standard Oil Company and of California and Gulf oil Corporation in 1984. Chevron headquarters is located in San Ramon, California, United State with market capitalisation of $154.462 million, revenue of $167.402 billion and assets value of $164.621 billion as at 2009. The CEO of the company is David J ORelly with staff strength of 60,000, the company is quoted on New York Stock Exchange it has 16 refineries and operate in thirty three countries and it brand includes Texaco and Caltex.3.2.3 ConocoPhilipsConocoPhillips is a key global, integrated energy corporation, with universal scale and scope all over the oil and natural gas value chain. The company came into been as a result of merger between Conoco and Philips Petroleum Company which was completed on 30 August 2002. It headquarters is located at Houston, Texas, United State with market capitalisation of $75.772 million, revenue of $152.843 billion and assets value of $155 billion as at 2009. The CEO of the company is James Mulva with staff strength of 30,000, the company is quoted on New York Stock Exchange it has twelve refineries in US, four in Europe and one in Asia and also operate in thirty countries of the world. ConocoPhilips is the third largest integrated energy company in United State of America.6. Porters Generic StrategiesDiagram 1 British Petroleum and Porters Generic Strat egiesFocusMiddle of the roadMiddle of the roadBP in futureBP PresentlyCost leadership DifferentiationPorter (1980) states that on that point are four types of generic strategies that are required by an organisation to be competitively successful, and these are Focus, Cost Leadership, Middle of the Road and Differentiation. before now, BP was using the Cost leadership strategy but at present, the company is using the generic strategy of Middle of the road as a result of the last Gulf of Mexico oil spillage.British petroleum scar and the Gulf of Mexico oil disaster.(Rebuilding the broken bond)This oil disaster is the biggest crisis in the history of the oil industry in United States. We can only agree on the cause of the accident found on the testimonies of the parties involved.The chief operative on the Deepwater Horizon rig testified at a hearing held by the US coastguard, he said he was present at the opposition between BP manager and the crew from Transocean. That Transocean s chief driller was not comfortable with the prayer for the removal of the drilling mud from the well that day because he did not think the well is fully prepared for shut-down but based on the request and persuasion of the BP manager (as a result of the cost incurred in renting the Deepwater exploration rig which cost $500,000 a day to rent) insisted that they should start removing the mud before plugging the well, which later led to the explosion of the rig and the remainder of eleven crew members. This crisis has really affected the BP brand, because brands are not created by advertising, they are created primary by what organisation does.A Model of Strategic Communication (Grunig Hunt, 1984)A model of strategic communication is composed of ii components which are aimed to describe the evolution of stakeholders and publics. The contribution of this model is to boilersuit strategic communication and management by diagnosing the environment to make the overall organization aware of stakeholders and publics as they evolve.The Stakeholder StageThe terms of stakeholder and public are often used synonymously. in that location is a subtle difference, however, that helps to understand readiness of strategic communication. People are stakeholders because they are in a folk affected by decisions of an organization or if their decisions affect the organization (Grunig Hunt, 1984).There are internal and external stakeholders including employees, signalor of boards of BP Company, society, customers, media, universities, research centres, U.S. and U.K. governments, activist groups, etc versed Stakeholders External StakeholdersEmployees of BP MediaDirector of Boards British petroleum Public/SocietyCEO Advocate groupsUS and UK governments Customers of BPCompetitorsInvestorsResearch centresUniversitiesShareholdersStakeholder mapping of BP Company in strip of the oil spillage. Demirel. K, (2010)After the identification of the various stakeholders, the next stage sho uld be the determination of level of relationship i.e. the linkages.Stakeholders State regulators Govt. Regulators Board of directorsEmployees unions SuppliersEnabling linkages inputNormative linkages Functional linkagesCompetitors Association Political groups Professional societyBPCustomers Retailers Distributors outputDiffused linkagesNGO Residents Advocacy group MediaLinkage model of BP Company, Demirel. K, (2010)Referring to Grunig, J. / Hunt, T. (1984) Managing public Relations. Rinhehart and Winston Holt, P.141. plowshare A has to do with the enabling linkages that is, stakeholders who have total halt and authority over BP company operations especially the government of U.S. eccentric B. functional linkages the input and the output, the input deals with provision of the service and output has to do with the product consumption.Part c is the normative linkages that is, groups and association that has common interest.And lastly, Part D is the diffused linkages these groups do not usually have anything to do with BP, they are only active during crisis situation.BP Public RelationsIn the outset days of oil spill, BP Company downplayed oil spill and CEO Tony Hayward utter relatively tiny for the disaster of oil spill. After two months, BP Company has changed head of public affairs. After that, they started to provide consistent and responsible messages for oil spill through various media channels. As a part of PR strategy, BP Company got sponsored links on Google in order to provide firstborn ranked results of key words related to oil spill direct to special part of BP Companys website. Even though it can be considered as implementation of spin doctrine, sponsored links were successful, because most people are not able to distinguish sponsored and actual links. Demirel. K, (2010)Crisis response and rebuilding stakeholders impudenceIt involves seven specific steps to obtain public forgivenessVoluntarily involve that mistake has been made.Explain why the mistakes occurred (no matter how stupid).Show/say/ indorse contrition and sincere concern.Agree to take the step necessary to lay out the problem.Ask for help from the victims/accept counsel from the communityPromise (or in public commit to) never to let it happen again.Find a agency to pay (do penance)/alleviate/remediatePenitential model by Gottschalk. J (1993)We can conclude based on the penitential model that BP company responded to the crisis by voluntarily admitted that mistake has been made, and this can be seen by the stepping down of Tony Hayward as the CEO of the company, we all know the cause of the disaster based on the chief mechanic on the Deepwater Horizon rig deposition and the company has really shown concern and the U.S. government has requested compensation for the cleanup position of the gulf of Mexico which the company has agreed to pay . BP vowed on to pay all necessary and appropriate clean-up costs from the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico as the Obama administration called on the energy giant to elucidate how it plans to do so.Other models that can be use to earn stakeholders confidence and trustKey levers to building customer trust, Dr Aaron Sum Wei Wern and David Levi (2009).Building allow customer trust1. IntegrityBridge gap between scream and reality2. Competence 3. TransparencyKnow whats right for me Be skillful with meBuilding enduring trust1 Return to the fundamental trust leversFocus on meeting fundamental expectations before addressing higher-order2 De-risk and simplifyMinimise uncertainty in the customers decision-making process3 Build and solidify enabling capabilitiesPrioritise capability-building through the lens of the trust leversuingConclusionAs stated by Edward Artzt Brand loyalty is very much like an onion. It has layers and a core. The core is the user who will stick with you until the end. Shaun and Wheeler, (2002 p.25).BP was able to remove out of the mess as a result of the following sprightly/pr ompt responseAcceptance of blameTotal responsibility real solutions providedTook realistic approachInvolvement of top management team

UK Interest Rates During the Financial Crash

UK enliven Rates During the Financial CrashCentral asserts always harbour duty to keep a stable economy which includes stable prices, low ostentatiousness value and confidence in the local economy. The main tool use by central banks for these propose is mo clamsary policy which testament turn the absorb treasure, and the way of conduct it varies from country to country. This essay will tactile sensation into the blaspheme of England and explain the transmission of monetary policy and how the policy modify by the credit crunch.The argot of England gained its independent right to set up have-to doe with lay unwrap according to the target inflation position since whitethorn 1997. The preferred target inflation rate in the United solid ground is 2% and the posit of England sets appropriate absorb rate to ensure the trustworthy inflation rate is moving towards the target inflation rate in an acceptable time period. However, the fixed target inflation rate does non ne cessary mean a eonian interest rate. An Overview of the change of interest rate in UK banks from 1973 to 2009, from which a fluctuate trend could be detect among the alone period and there was a sharply decrease from nearly 15% to 5% during 1989 to 1993 when the United Kingdom was experiencing an economy recession. After 1993, the interest rate was relatively stable until 2008. However, between 2008 and 2009 the interest rate deep drops from 5.25% to 0.5% for the recent credit crunch. From the in markation from the affirm of Englands report, the interest rate change magnitude at a rate of 1% per month constantly from October 2008 to January 2009 afterward the Lehman Brothers bankrupt.It is well known that a low interest rate represents a loose monetary policy which is aim to cast up the inflation rate and the economy. It whitethorn illustrate how the interest rate set by the Bank of England conduct the monetary policy. The ordained rate set by the Bank of England direct i nfluence the commercialise place includes the repo rate, bond rate, inner bank borrowing rate and so on. Then the grocery store rate sets the addition prices in the financial market which will in turn affects peoples expectations of the economy. Also, the shooticial rates would give people the signal almost how will the market moves. For instance, a decrease in official rate will shows a loose monetary policy to the public and people would expect a rise in the price level and then whitethorn sum up their domestic down demand. In addition, the official rate change will affect the exchange rate directly for it alters the domestic investment rate.(Mishkin, 2006).At the second stage, the official rate indirectly affects the domestic demand and net external demand, which forms the f atomic number 18 demand, via the market rates, asset prices, expectations and exchange rate. Then the total demand influences the domestic inflation rate. Finally, the domestic inflation and import p rices check the inflation. For example, as mentioned above, a decrease interest rate will subjoin the publics domestic demand and alike would decrease the exchange rate against contradictory currencies which may consequently increase the export demand for the goods will be cheaper for foreign consumers. As a result, the total demand will increase and may eventually raise the price level and surpass to an increase in inflation rate.Timing effect is a nonher factor that the Bank of England concerns for the monetary policy. That is to say, the effectuate of changing interest rate argon non instantly but take time to fully function. Some channel may be more sensitive to the change while others may not. The Bank of England estimates that a monetary policy may takes up to 2 years to be fully influence the inflation rate. The past statistic data supports this view that the inflation rate was nearly 2.3% in 2007 and increased to 2.9% in March 2009 during which period a sharp decre ase in interest rate could be observed.The effort for this sharp decline of interest rate from 2008 to 2009 is mainly accounts for the credit crunch recently. The credit crunch shows a knockout shortage in capital supply and declining quality of borrowers financial health (Mizen, 2008). Also, the credit crunch gives very bad expectation to the public about the economy and the price of real estate was declining relatively. Consequently, investors are lack of want to invest for the low earnings due to the declining prices and a high luck for the credit crunch. On the other hand, for the householders may feel less(prenominal) wealthiness for the decreasing prices and lack of sense of the financial safety, they may reduce the consuming and prefer to deposit in the bank. Both phenomena are not preferable for a growing economy in that the Bank of England cut the rate sharply to increase the supply of capital and wish to encourage the tot up of invest and consume to cease the recess ion. In fact, the GDP growth rate from 2008 to 2009 was only 0.7% and the growth rate from 2007 to 2008 was 3% (Fedec, 2009). The growth in the world-class quarter in 2009 was even worse, which was 4.1%, that may be the reason for the Bank of England cuts the rate to 0.5%, which was only one tenth compared to the same time go year. As the data shows the inflation rate rose in retort to the loose monetary police, the GDP growth rate may not be very optimistic for the pessimistic among the public.ReferencesBank of England, 2008 How Monetary insurance policy Works, Bank of England, http//www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/how.htmBank of England, 2009 Base Rate, Bank of England, http//www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/rates/baserate.pdfBank of England, 2008 Monetary Policy Framework, Bank of England, http//www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/framework.htmFedec A,2009, No rarity Yet to British Resession, Trading scotchs, http//www.tradingeconomics.com/Economics/GDP exploita tion.aspx?Symbol=GBPMizen P, 2008, The reference work Crunch of 2007 2008 A Discussion of the Back ground, securities industry Reactions, and Policy Responses, federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 90(5). pp.531 67 Mishkin, F.S., Eakins, S.G. 2006, Financial Markets and Institutions, Fifth Edition, Pearson International Edition, pp. 219 244. RateInflation, UK historical Inflation Rate, RateInflation http//www.rateinflation.com/inflation rate/uk historical inflation rate.php?form=ukirPart BSecuritization started from 1970s initiatoryly in the US market and then also trivial in the Europe after the naked rules was adopted. It is welcomed by most banks because it brings additional way for banks making profits and it is an off balance sheet activity. However, due to variety risk of infections associated with securitization and the endless re securitization, it may lead to sever financial crises. In fact, this would be the main reason for the Northern Crisis and the recent cre dit crunch (Mizen, 2008). This essay will first introduce the process of securitization then explain the risks in the process with a special focus on owe approve securitization and discuss its effects in the credit crunch.The definition of securitization is quite straightforward it is the process of pooling and repackaging loans into securities that are then sold to investors (Ergungor, 2003). There are many assets would be securitized much(prenominal) as mortgages, home equity loans, manufactured housing loans, credit flier receivables and so on. By securitization, banks are able to sell those illiquidity assets to different investors. Besides, banks would build derivates by pooling assets in concert. There are variety types of securitization depending on the backed asset or payment method. For instance, the most popular type of securitization is Mortgage plunk for Securitization (MBS), and there are Asset Backed Securitization (ABS), and Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) .Basically, the progress of mortgage backed securitization creates a mortgage pool and the agency sells shares of the pool to different investors according to their preferences. Then the bullion in flows from the mortgage passed along to investors (Van, 1998). Agencies usually pooled together mortgage and divide those payments into several parts and develop different cash flows to create different type of securities which may have different due date or yields, and sell them to investors with different risk attitude. The total sum of cash parts will be equal to the whole.The progress of securitization brings considerable benefits to banks. first-class honours degree of all, as banks are regulated to meet the minimal capital requirement which may reduce profits banks would earn. As a result banks may prefer to engage in securitization which is off balance sheet so that do not require banks to meet the capital requirement and gives a more attractive opportunity for banks earning. On the other side, investors prefer less risky and higher return which could be fulfilled by get the debts through securitization. It is less risky for it is backed by mortgage and has a higher rate than deposit. Besides, as the Great Depression and bank fails not very long before, investors no longer consider deposit in the bank as a safe heaven (Ergungor, 2003).In this procedure, agencies do not really have cost except transaction be which will be induced from investors. In addition, if another investor buys a share, he may also securitize it and sell it to others. In that way, one mortgage would be re securitized many times. Consequently, if one mortgage fails to repay, many securities may expect the risk of default which to some extend enlarge the risk to the whole financial system. In contrast to default risk, agencies also face refund risk in the process. To be more specific, for example, if the borrower expects the interest rate would peg then he may repay the debt early to refinance in a lower cost, meanwhile, agency are suppose to produce constant repayment periodically to investors who buy the MBS. As a result, the agency have to reinvest the amount of money repaid early by borrowers and which forces them engage in a reinvestment risk in case the interest rate may fall.Mizen(2008) points out that the credit crunch started from 2007 is very complicated for now there are many financial innovations giving ways to packaging and reselling assets. Then he argues that the main reason for these financial crises is mispricing risk of the products which are mortgage backed securities. Historical events show that the beginning of this credit crunch was a successive of mortgage defaults. Then these defaults bring downgraded subprime related mortgage products which then lead to countrywide mortgage bank losses in the U.S. However, this trend did not stop it soon spread to European banks which have tight birth to the U.S. financial markets. It is acknowledg ed that the reference crunch of 2007 2008 develops after this the full outperform (Mizen, 2008).The amount in billions of dollars of household credit market debt outstanding from 1950 to 2009. It could be seen that the trend of growing was much shaper after 2000 and peaked in 2009 when the approximately $11 trillion is mortgage debt (Bubbles, 2008). It is not hard to view that 1% of the total amount of mortgage debt was securitized and only 1% of the securitized debt was re securitized when some of them default, how great the amount of dollars would be involved in. That was what happened in the Credit Crunch, for a trivial subprime mortgage market, financial institutions are tied in a line and the re securitization strength this tie and increase the risk and the price of default. Once one default, the whole will suffer, the globalization also enlarges the scale that will suffer.ReferencesBubble H,2008, A Decade of Slow Growth Why the United States will Face a Decade of Economic S tagnation and Face a L Shaped Recession. 10 Charts and Pictures as to Why This will Occur., http//www.doctorhousingbubble.com/a decade of slow growth wherefore the united states will face a decade of economic doldrums and face a l shaped recession 10 charts and pictures as to why this will occur/Ergungor E,2003, Securitization, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, terrific 15, 2008Mizen P, 2008, The Credit Crunch of 2007 2008 A Discussion of the Back ground, Market Reactions, and Policy Responses, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, 90(5). pp.531 67Van H, crowd C (1998), Financial Market Rates and Flows, Chapter 13, PP 119. Prentice Hall

Gregors Guilt in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

Gregors Guilt in The Metamorphosis Humans chance obligated to do certain things. It makes them feel good, or worthwhile. If these responsibilities are not met or to the obligators own standards then guilt comes upon them. In The Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka, Gregors contrition keeps him trapped. Gregor is enslaved to his family. Therefore Gregors guilt emerges from the families burden. The excerpt below is a key passage to understanding Gregors guilt Believe me, sir, in that respects something the matter with him. Otherwise how would Gregor have missed a train? That boy has nothing in his mind but the business. Its virtually begun to rile me that he never goes out nights. Hes been back in the metropolis for eight days now, but every night hes home. He sits there with us at the table, quietly reading the paper or canvass magazinetables.(10) Guilt can be from many different situations. Gregors guilt was from his pledge to work. Even Gregors mother, a bystander, cou ld see his dedication to his job. Life without amusement becomes nerve-wracking and unpleasant. Throughout the novel Gregor finds himself stressed out because of his dissatisfaction with his ability to provide for his family. Gregor, in the long run near the end of the novel, finds satisfaction in something his sisters violin. The novel is set on Gregor being placed into the fatherly role. From there stems all the problems from the novel. One in particular comes up. Gregor does not go out at night. This is his recreational time, his time to relax and unwind. Instead Gregor stays working even when he is extraneous from his job. Work without relaxation is dangerous. Even ancient texts talk about a day of rest. Guilt is deadly. Gregors guilt actually leads him to his death. The stress built up from his guilt was part of his death. Because of the stress and guilt Gregor did not eat much. He became malnourished. Many tragedies have been written on the guilt of a person. In the tragedy the guilt kills them.

Moses Essay -- essays research papers fc

The secret of MosesMoses is one of the most revered and distinguished characters of the Old Testament. Yet, as frequently as we know ab bring issue the people of that succession, Moses is still a name shrouded in mystery. His existence is not proven his liveness is contradictory to itself, and his persona, as shown through the bible, is immensely glorified. But, who was he? Was he real or unspoiled a bedtime myth?There are many theories of the origin of Moses. fit in to the bible Moses was a man born of Hebrew descent. At the time of his birth, the Pharaoh felt his kingdom threatened by the Israelites (Hebrews) and ordered that every young male Israelite be dropped into the Nile River. His mother, daughter of Levi according to the New American sample ledger, placed him in a basket do of reed and site him down the river in fear for his safety. He was picked up and adopted by the Pharaohs daughter. One day Moses witnessed a taskmaster beating an Israelite for no reason s o Moses killed the taskmaster. The Pharaoh heard of this and ordered that Moses be directenced to death. He escaped the land of Egypt to Midian where he met his wife Zipporah. He had lived in Midian for a while when the Lord appeared to Moses in the form of a burning bush. The lord gave Moses the task of leading the Israelites out of bondage and into then Promised Land. He reluctantly accepted after immortal told him the name by which to call him. The New American Standard Bible states simply that god revealed his secret name to Moses and Moses accepted. Other versions of the bible lambast of a staff that can transform into a snake and a hand of Leperas. Either way, Moses accepted and descended into Egypt to talk with the Pharaoh.Moses asked for his people s license and the Pharaoh refused. He then brought ten plagues to Egypt water to blood, frogs, gnats, flies, pestilence, hail, locusts, darkness, and death of the first born. The Israelites were give passage out of the lands of Egypt and they headed towards the Red Sea. When they reached the Red Sea, the Pharaoh was behind them, pursuing with a sense of vengeance. The Lord helped Moses to part the wet of the Red Sea and the Israelites made their way through the towering waters. The Egyptian army followed and was swallowed by the waters as ... ...arguments to their being the same person, but is it possible the chronological cuticle could have been that far off. It is hard to prove or disprove this system until we find the tomb of Akhanaton.Whether Moses was real, another person entirely, or just a bedtime story for small children, he led the Hebrew people to the Promised Land. He fulfilled the covenant given to Abraham and Isaac and Israel. His story is arguably the most important in the Old Testament, taking up five books. He lived the life of an Egyptian prince, a simple Shepard, and the Hebrew savior, leading his people out of oppression.Since then no prophet has arisen in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew expression to face. He had no equal in all the signs and wonders the lord sent him to perform in the land of Egypt against the Pharaoh and all his servants and all his land, and for the might and the fantastic power that Moses exhibited in the sight of Israel. (Deut. 34.10)BibliographyHooker, Richard. Akhnaton. World Civilizations. 1996 (30 Sept. 2000)The New American Bible. Iowa travel World Bible Publishers, Inc., 1991

womenant Portrayal of Women in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Portrayal of Women in Antigone Although ancient Greece was a male-dominate society, Sophocles work Antigone, portrays women as being strong and capable of making wise decisions. In this far-famed tragedy, Sophocles uses the eccentric persons Ismene and Antigone to show the different temperamentistics and occasions that woman ar typical of interpreting. Traditionally women are reference pointized as weak and subordinate and Ismene is portrayed in this way. Through the character of Antigone, women finally get to present realistic viewpoints about their character. The sexist stereotypes presented in this tragedy address m both perspectives of men at this time. Creon the arrogant and autocrat leader is, the very character that exemplifies this viewpoint. Antigones spirit is filled with bravery, passion and passion which allow her to symbolize the very essence of women. She is strong enough to do what her conscious tells her despite the constabularys of the land. Many examples i n the play prove that Antigones character is very capable of making her own decisions in the name of justice. First, Antigone opposes Creons law and buries her slain brother because in her mind it was immoral not to. She does this because she is pity and loves her brother very much. Creon, however, believes that his laws must be upheld and would do anything to prevent any type rebelling. He is even more infuriated when he learns that a woman has broken his laws. He tries to show Antigone whos in charge by sentencing her to a life of imprisonment. Secondly, Antigone shows how determined she is by accepting her consequences with pride. She does not afflict to hide that she is responsible for breaking Creons laws, moreover, she takes all the credit. All the while she maintains her power because she truly believes in her actions. These sorts of actions ultimately prove that Antigone is courageous and willing to stick up up to men, which was completely against the norm at this time. Her spirit refuses to submit to the role of a helpless woman like her sister Ismenes character does. Ismene is a coward and refuses to help her sister because she feared men. This fear propels her to turn her head to the disrespect that is been shown to her brother, Polyneices. Her character is a close representation of the viewpoints of the male gender regarding women. She is subordinate and weak-willed. She refuses to offer up to Creon even though in her heart she knows that his laws are virtuously wrong.